Biomaterial Database

Entrance surface dose measurement in pediatric patients undergoing common diagnostic x-ray examinations in black lion and Yekatit 12 Hospital Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. 2011

Seife Teferi, and Daniel Admassie, and Tekle Abate, and A Durga Prasada Rao

Addis Ababa University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Radiology, Seife Teferi. seifeteferi@yahoo.com

BACKGROUND Early childhood exposure carries an enhanced radiation risk and estimated that the probability of induction of cancer especially leukemia is about two to three times as high as in adults. Hence, dose measurement is mandatory for optimization in radiation protection to comply with international reference levels. OBJECTIVE To estimate pediatric patient's radiation dose arising from common diagnostic x-ray examinations by measuring Entrance Surface Dose, thereby, to compare the results from established reference values and other published studies. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted on pediatric patients under 15 years of age in Black Lion and Yekatite 12 Hospitals on May and August, 2009 respectively. Exposure factors used for commonly performed x-ray examinations like, chest, skull, abdomen, pelvis and spine were obtained from each Hospital. For each examination four age groups 0-1, 1-5, 5-10 and 10-15 years were studied. Entrance Surface Dose in air was measured using dositime dx X-ray Digital Dosimeter and Exposure Time Meter. RESULTS In Black lion hospital, the lowest and the highest calculated mean Entrance Surface Doses in microGY were 104 and 2482 for chest Anteroposterior (0-1) years and lumbo-sacral lateral (10-15) years, respectively. In Yekatit 12 hospital, the lowest and the highest calculated mean Entrance Surface Doses in microGY were 200 and 3570 for chest antrioposterior (0-1) years and lumbo-sacral lateral (10-15)years, respectively. Wide variations of doses for the same type of examination and projection have been detected in each hospital. CONCLUSIONS The wider dose variation suggests that there is a pressing need to seek dose optimization to children in order to reduce the detriment caused by the unnecessary high doses imparted to them.

UI	MeSH Term	Description	Entries
D007223	Infant	A child between 1 and 23 months of age.	Infants
D008297	Male		Males
D011785	Quality Assurance, Health Care	Activities and programs intended to assure or improve the quality of care in either a defined medical setting or a program. The concept includes the assessment or evaluation of the quality of care; identification of problems or shortcomings in the delivery of care; designing activities to overcome these deficiencies; and follow-up monitoring to ensure effectiveness of corrective steps.	Quality Assessment, Health Care,Health Care Quality Assessment,Health Care Quality Assurance,Healthcare Quality Assessment,Healthcare Quality Assurance,Quality Assessment, Healthcare,Quality Assurance, Healthcare,Assessment, Healthcare Quality,Assessments, Healthcare Quality,Assurance, Healthcare Quality,Assurances, Healthcare Quality,Healthcare Quality Assessments,Healthcare Quality Assurances,Quality Assessments, Healthcare,Quality Assurances, Healthcare
D011829	Radiation Dosage	The amount of radiation energy that is deposited in a unit mass of material, such as tissues of plants or animal. In RADIOTHERAPY, radiation dosage is expressed in gray units (Gy). In RADIOLOGIC HEALTH, the dosage is expressed by the product of absorbed dose (Gy) and quality factor (a function of linear energy transfer), and is called radiation dose equivalent in sievert units (Sv).	Sievert Units,Dosage, Radiation,Gray Units,Gy Radiation,Sv Radiation Dose Equivalent,Dosages, Radiation,Radiation Dosages,Units, Gray,Units, Sievert
D011834	Radiation Monitoring	The observation, either continuously or at intervals, of the levels of radiation in a given area, generally for the purpose of assuring that they have not exceeded prescribed amounts or, in case of radiation already present in the area, assuring that the levels have returned to those meeting acceptable safety standards.	Monitoring, Radiation
D011872	Radiology Department, Hospital	Hospital department which is responsible for the administration and provision of x-ray diagnostic and therapeutic services.	Hospital Radiology Department,X-Ray Departments,Department, Hospital Radiology,Department, X-Ray,Departments, Hospital Radiology,Departments, X-Ray,Radiology Departments, Hospital,X-Ray Department,Department, X Ray,Departments, X Ray,Hospital Radiology Departments,X Ray Department,X Ray Departments
D012016	Reference Values	The range or frequency distribution of a measurement in a population (of organisms, organs or things) that has not been selected for the presence of disease or abnormality.	Normal Range,Normal Values,Reference Ranges,Normal Ranges,Normal Value,Range, Normal,Range, Reference,Ranges, Normal,Ranges, Reference,Reference Range,Reference Value,Value, Normal,Value, Reference,Values, Normal,Values, Reference
D002648	Child	A person 6 to 12 years of age. An individual 2 to 5 years old is CHILD, PRESCHOOL.	Children
D002675	Child, Preschool	A child between the ages of 2 and 5.	Children, Preschool,Preschool Child,Preschool Children
D003430	Cross-Sectional Studies	Studies in which the presence or absence of disease or other health-related variables are determined in each member of the study population or in a representative sample at one particular time. This contrasts with LONGITUDINAL STUDIES which are followed over a period of time.	Disease Frequency Surveys,Prevalence Studies,Analysis, Cross-Sectional,Cross Sectional Analysis,Cross-Sectional Survey,Surveys, Disease Frequency,Analyses, Cross Sectional,Analyses, Cross-Sectional,Analysis, Cross Sectional,Cross Sectional Analyses,Cross Sectional Studies,Cross Sectional Survey,Cross-Sectional Analyses,Cross-Sectional Analysis,Cross-Sectional Study,Cross-Sectional Surveys,Disease Frequency Survey,Prevalence Study,Studies, Cross-Sectional,Studies, Prevalence,Study, Cross-Sectional,Study, Prevalence,Survey, Cross-Sectional,Survey, Disease Frequency,Surveys, Cross-Sectional