The prevalence of diabetes is rising and diabetics may soon represent more than 5% of the world population. The type 2 diabetes is a major independent risk factor for coronary artery disease. The screening for silent myocardial ischemia (IMS) must be systematic. The autonomic dysfunction and the cardiac microcirculatory disorders are at risk of hypotension and hypothermia during anesthesia. After 10 years of diabetes duration the incidence of perioperative complications and of difficult intubation are increased. The neurological deficits related to anesthesia are associated with general anesthesia in 85% of cases. Particular care will be provided during the surgical procedure to avoid skin, muscular and neurologic cuts. In most cases, the regional anesthesia will be preferred to general anesthesia. To avoid hypoglycemia, blood glucose concentration less than 11 mmol.L(-1)(2g.L(-1)) seems a reasonable target during and after surgery.