BACKGROUND Complications related to the artificial airway (endotracheal tube and tracheotomy) in intensive care units are a major health problem that depends largely on the management and care applied to these devices. The daily challenge of nursing professionals is to minimize the incidence of these complications (among which highlights the pneumonia associated with mechanical ventilation). METHODS We analyzed 21 measures related to management of these devices in order to reflect the recommendations based on scientific evidence and provide quality care applied to the patient that need these devices. CONCLUSIONS Compliance with the standards for care and management of patients with an artificial airways is vital in reducing the incidence of complications associated with these devices. Not all management rules are standardized.