Frontal bone remodeling for gender reassignment of the male forehead: a gender-reassignment surgery. 2011

Johannes Franz Hoenig
Department of Plastic and Aesthetic Surgery, University Hospital and Medical School of Goettingen, Robert-Koch-Street 40, 37075, Goettingen, Germany. info@professor-hoenig.de

Gender-reassignment therapy, especially for reshaping of the forehead, can be an effective treatment to improve self-esteem. Contouring of the cranial vault, especially of the forehead, still is a rarely performed surgical procedure for gender reassignment. In addition to surgical bone remodeling, several materials have been used for remodeling and refinement of the frontal bone. But due to shortcomings of autogenous bone material and the disadvantages of polyethylene or methylmethacrylate, hydroxyapatite cement (HAC) composed of tetracalcium phosphate and dicalcium phosphate seems to be an alternative. This study aimed to analyze the clinical outcome after frontal bone remodeling with HAC for gender male-to-female reassignment. The 21 patients in the study were treated for gender reassignment of the male frontal bone using HAC. The average age of these patients was 33.4 years (range, 21-42 years). The average volume of HAC used per patient was 3.83 g. The authors' clinical series demonstrated a satisfactory result. The surgery was easy to perform, and HAC was easy to apply and shape to suit individual needs. Overall satisfaction was very high. Therefore, HAC is a welcome alternative to the traditional use of autogenous bone graft for correction of cranial vault irregularities.

UI MeSH Term Description Entries
D008297 Male Males
D005546 Forehead The part of the face above the eyes. Foreheads
D005624 Frontal Bone The bone that forms the frontal aspect of the skull. Its flat part forms the forehead, articulating inferiorly with the NASAL BONE and the CHEEK BONE on each side of the face. Bone, Frontal,Bones, Frontal,Frontal Bones
D006801 Humans Members of the species Homo sapiens. Homo sapiens,Man (Taxonomy),Human,Man, Modern,Modern Man
D000328 Adult A person having attained full growth or maturity. Adults are of 19 through 44 years of age. For a person between 19 and 24 years of age, YOUNG ADULT is available. Adults
D055815 Young Adult A person between 19 and 24 years of age. Adult, Young,Adults, Young,Young Adults
D057830 Sex Reassignment Surgery Surgical procedure(s) by which a person's physical appearance and functional abilities are changed to align with their identified gender. Gender-Affirming Surgery,Gender Change Surgery,Gender Confirmation Surgery,Gender Reassignment Surgery,Sex Change Surgery,Confirmation Surgery, Gender,Gender Affirming Surgery,Gender Change Surgeries,Gender Confirmation Surgeries,Gender Reassignment Surgeries,Gender-Affirming Surgeries,Sex Change Surgeries,Sex Reassignment Surgeries,Surgeries, Gender-Affirming,Surgery, Gender-Affirming

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