The author encountered vaginal condylomata acuminata in two women after McIndoe neovagina creations. By in situ DNA hybridization, the authors identified human papillomavirus type 6 in both women. The large exophytic pattern of growth in the neovagina was more characteristic of that encountered on the natural keratinized squamous epithelium of the vulva and perianal area than of the micropapillary and small flat lesions usually found on natural vaginal mucosa. These observations suggest that (1) this is not a rare infection, considering the low frequency of McIndoe neovagina creations; (2) the development of genital warts is probably related to contact with the etiologic virus; and (3) the intrinsic nature of the infected epithelium, as well as the new "vaginal" environment, may help determine the gross characteristics of the lesions. Women with neovaginas should be encouraged to have their sex partners use condoms, despite the lack of a need for contraception.