Premature cardiac contractions produced efficiently by external high-intensity focused ultrasound. 2011

Anat Hersch, and Dan Adam
Technion, Israel Institute of Technology, Technion City, Haifa, Israel. anatroo@gmail.com

Exposure of myocardium to a mechanical impact may produce premature ventricular contractions (PVCs). High-intensity focused ultrasound was reported to generate PVCs, while microbubbles at the target increased absorption, thus, promoting energy localization and decreased PVC threshold. The objective was to investigate the benefit of a two-stage ultrasonic transmission: (1) asymmetric mostly negative waveform at the focus (microbubbles generation) and (2) asymmetric mostly positive waveform at the microbubbles (impact generation). Optimization of transmission parameters was performed by measuring passive cavitation and attenuation. In vivo intact rat studies were performed while measuring electrocardiograph (ECG) and blood pressure. Most PVCs with blood injection were created while applying 3.06 MPa peak negative pressure during 1 ms, followed by 5.1 MPa peak positive pressure during 50 ms. Increasing the second stage from 5 ms to 50 ms increased the occurrence of PVCs. This study demonstrates that creation of localized microbubble population at the target promotes generation of PVCs without the need to inject contrast agents.

UI MeSH Term Description Entries
D001794 Blood Pressure PRESSURE of the BLOOD on the ARTERIES and other BLOOD VESSELS. Systolic Pressure,Diastolic Pressure,Pulse Pressure,Pressure, Blood,Pressure, Diastolic,Pressure, Pulse,Pressure, Systolic,Pressures, Systolic
D004562 Electrocardiography Recording of the moment-to-moment electromotive forces of the HEART as projected onto various sites on the body's surface, delineated as a scalar function of time. The recording is monitored by a tracing on slow moving chart paper or by observing it on a cardioscope, which is a CATHODE RAY TUBE DISPLAY. 12-Lead ECG,12-Lead EKG,12-Lead Electrocardiography,Cardiography,ECG,EKG,Electrocardiogram,Electrocardiograph,12 Lead ECG,12 Lead EKG,12 Lead Electrocardiography,12-Lead ECGs,12-Lead EKGs,12-Lead Electrocardiographies,Cardiographies,ECG, 12-Lead,EKG, 12-Lead,Electrocardiograms,Electrocardiographies, 12-Lead,Electrocardiographs,Electrocardiography, 12-Lead
D004867 Equipment Design Methods and patterns of fabricating machines and related hardware. Design, Equipment,Device Design,Medical Device Design,Design, Medical Device,Designs, Medical Device,Device Design, Medical,Device Designs, Medical,Medical Device Designs,Design, Device,Designs, Device,Designs, Equipment,Device Designs,Equipment Designs
D000818 Animals Unicellular or multicellular, heterotrophic organisms, that have sensation and the power of voluntary movement. Under the older five kingdom paradigm, Animalia was one of the kingdoms. Under the modern three domain model, Animalia represents one of the many groups in the domain EUKARYOTA. Animal,Metazoa,Animalia
D014159 Transducers Any device or element which converts an input signal into an output signal of a different form. Examples include the microphone, phonographic pickup, loudspeaker, barometer, photoelectric cell, automobile horn, doorbell, and underwater sound transducer. (McGraw Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed) Transducer
D014465 Ultrasonics A subfield of acoustics dealing in the radio frequency range higher than acoustic SOUND waves (approximately above 20 kilohertz). Ultrasonic radiation is used therapeutically (DIATHERMY and ULTRASONIC THERAPY) to generate HEAT and to selectively destroy tissues. It is also used in diagnostics, for example, ULTRASONOGRAPHY; ECHOENCEPHALOGRAPHY; and ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY, to visually display echoes received from irradiated tissues. Ultrasonic
D017207 Rats, Sprague-Dawley A strain of albino rat used widely for experimental purposes because of its calmness and ease of handling. It was developed by the Sprague-Dawley Animal Company. Holtzman Rat,Rats, Holtzman,Sprague-Dawley Rat,Rats, Sprague Dawley,Holtzman Rats,Rat, Holtzman,Rat, Sprague-Dawley,Sprague Dawley Rat,Sprague Dawley Rats,Sprague-Dawley Rats
D045423 Microbubbles Small encapsulated gas bubbles (diameters of micrometers) that can be used as CONTRAST MEDIA, and in other diagnostic and therapeutic applications. Upon exposure to sufficiently intense ultrasound, microbubbles will cavitate, rupture, disappear, release gas content. Such characteristics of the microbubbles can be used to enhance diagnostic tests, dissolve blood clots, and deliver drugs or genes for therapy. Colloidal Gas Aphrons,Aphron, Colloidal Gas,Aphrons, Colloidal Gas,Colloidal Gas Aphron,Gas Aphron, Colloidal,Gas Aphrons, Colloidal,Microbubble
D051381 Rats The common name for the genus Rattus. Rattus,Rats, Laboratory,Rats, Norway,Rattus norvegicus,Laboratory Rat,Laboratory Rats,Norway Rat,Norway Rats,Rat,Rat, Laboratory,Rat, Norway,norvegicus, Rattus
D018879 Ventricular Premature Complexes A type of cardiac arrhythmia with premature contractions of the HEART VENTRICLES. It is characterized by the premature QRS complex on ECG that is of abnormal shape and great duration (generally >129 msec). It is the most common form of all cardiac arrhythmias. Premature ventricular complexes have no clinical significance except in concurrence with heart diseases. Extrasystole, Ventricular,Premature Ventricular Beats,Premature Ventricular Contractions,Ventricular Ectopic Beats,Premature Ventricular Complex,Ventricular Premature Complex,Ectopic Beat, Ventricular,Ectopic Beats, Ventricular,Premature Ventricular Beat,Premature Ventricular Contraction,Ventricular Beat, Premature,Ventricular Beats, Premature,Ventricular Complex, Premature,Ventricular Contraction, Premature,Ventricular Contractions, Premature,Ventricular Ectopic Beat,Ventricular Extrasystole,Ventricular Extrasystoles

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