Modulation of CCAAT/enhancer binding protein homologous protein (CHOP)-dependent DR5 expression by nelfinavir sensitizes glioblastoma multiforme cells to tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL). 2011

Xiaobing Tian, and Jiangbin Ye, and Michelle Alonso-Basanta, and Stephen M Hahn, and Constantinos Koumenis, and Jay F Dorsey
Department of Radiation Oncology and the Radiation Biology and Imaging Program of the Abramson Cancer Center; University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104.

Human glioblastoma multiforme cells demonstrate varying levels of sensitivity to tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL)-induced apoptosis. Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress has been shown to trigger cell death through apoptosis. We therefore pursued a strategy of integrating clinically relevant investigational agents that cooperate mechanistically through the regulation of ER stress and apoptosis pathways. Nelfinavir belongs to the protease inhibitor class of drugs currently used to treat patients with HIV and is in clinical trials as an anti-tumor agent. We found that Nelfinavir treatment led to ER stress-induced up-regulation of the DR5 receptor. This transactivation was mediated by the transcription factor CCAAT/enhancer binding protein homologous protein (CHOP). We also determined that ER stress-induced ATF4 up-regulation was responsible for modulation of CHOP. In contrast, DR4 receptor expression was unchanged by Nelfinavir treatment. Combining Nelfinavir with TRAIL led to a significantly enhanced level of apoptosis that was abrogated by siRNA silencing of DR5. We provide evidence that Nelfinavir-induced ER stress modulates DR5 expression in human glioblastoma multiforme cells and can enhance TRAIL efficacy. These studies provide a potential mechanistic rationale for the use of the Food and Drug Administration-approved agent Nelfinavir in combination with DR5 agonists to induce apoptosis in human malignancies.

UI MeSH Term Description Entries
D009363 Neoplasm Proteins Proteins whose abnormal expression (gain or loss) are associated with the development, growth, or progression of NEOPLASMS. Some neoplasm proteins are tumor antigens (ANTIGENS, NEOPLASM), i.e. they induce an immune reaction to their tumor. Many neoplasm proteins have been characterized and are used as tumor markers (BIOMARKERS, TUMOR) when they are detectable in cells and body fluids as monitors for the presence or growth of tumors. Abnormal expression of ONCOGENE PROTEINS is involved in neoplastic transformation, whereas the loss of expression of TUMOR SUPPRESSOR PROTEINS is involved with the loss of growth control and progression of the neoplasm. Proteins, Neoplasm
D005909 Glioblastoma A malignant form of astrocytoma histologically characterized by pleomorphism of cells, nuclear atypia, microhemorrhage, and necrosis. They may arise in any region of the central nervous system, with a predilection for the cerebral hemispheres, basal ganglia, and commissural pathways. Clinical presentation most frequently occurs in the fifth or sixth decade of life with focal neurologic signs or seizures. Astrocytoma, Grade IV,Giant Cell Glioblastoma,Glioblastoma Multiforme,Astrocytomas, Grade IV,Giant Cell Glioblastomas,Glioblastoma, Giant Cell,Glioblastomas,Glioblastomas, Giant Cell,Grade IV Astrocytoma,Grade IV Astrocytomas
D006801 Humans Members of the species Homo sapiens. Homo sapiens,Man (Taxonomy),Human,Man, Modern,Modern Man
D015972 Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic Any of the processes by which nuclear, cytoplasmic, or intercellular factors influence the differential control of gene action in neoplastic tissue. Neoplastic Gene Expression Regulation,Regulation of Gene Expression, Neoplastic,Regulation, Gene Expression, Neoplastic
D017209 Apoptosis A regulated cell death mechanism characterized by distinctive morphologic changes in the nucleus and cytoplasm, including the endonucleolytic cleavage of genomic DNA, at regularly spaced, internucleosomal sites, i.e., DNA FRAGMENTATION. It is genetically programmed and serves as a balance to mitosis in regulating the size of animal tissues and in mediating pathologic processes associated with tumor growth. Apoptosis, Extrinsic Pathway,Apoptosis, Intrinsic Pathway,Caspase-Dependent Apoptosis,Classic Apoptosis,Classical Apoptosis,Programmed Cell Death,Programmed Cell Death, Type I,Apoptoses, Extrinsic Pathway,Apoptoses, Intrinsic Pathway,Apoptosis, Caspase-Dependent,Apoptosis, Classic,Apoptosis, Classical,Caspase Dependent Apoptosis,Cell Death, Programmed,Classic Apoptoses,Extrinsic Pathway Apoptoses,Extrinsic Pathway Apoptosis,Intrinsic Pathway Apoptoses,Intrinsic Pathway Apoptosis
D017320 HIV Protease Inhibitors Inhibitors of HIV PROTEASE, an enzyme required for production of proteins needed for viral assembly. HIV Protease Inhibitor,Inhibitor, HIV Protease,Inhibitors, HIV Protease,Protease Inhibitor, HIV,Protease Inhibitors, HIV
D045744 Cell Line, Tumor A cell line derived from cultured tumor cells. Tumor Cell Line,Cell Lines, Tumor,Line, Tumor Cell,Lines, Tumor Cell,Tumor Cell Lines
D051701 Activating Transcription Factor 4 An activating transcription factor that regulates the expression of a variety of GENES involved in amino acid metabolism and transport. It also interacts with HTLV-I transactivator protein. ATF4 Transcription Factor,Tax-Responsive Enhancer Element B67,Tax Responsive Enhancer Element B67,Transcription Factor, ATF4
D051742 Transcription Factor CHOP A CCAAT-enhancer binding protein that is induced by DNA DAMAGE and growth arrest. It serves as a dominant negative inhibitor of other CCAAT-enhancer binding proteins. C-EBP Homologous Protein,DDIT3 Protein,DNA Damage-Inducible Transcript 3 Protein,GADD153 Protein,Growth Arrest And DNA Damage-Inducible Protein 153,C EBP Homologous Protein,CHOP, Transcription Factor,DNA Damage Inducible Transcript 3 Protein,Growth Arrest And DNA Damage Inducible Protein 153,Homologous Protein, C-EBP
D053220 Receptors, TNF-Related Apoptosis-Inducing Ligand Tumor necrosis factor receptor family members that are widely expressed and play a role in regulation of peripheral immune responses and APOPTOSIS. The receptors are specific for TNF-RELATED APOPTOSIS-INDUCING LIGAND and signal via conserved DEATH DOMAINS that associate with specific TNF RECEPTOR-ASSOCIATED FACTORS in the CYTOPLASM. Decoy Receptor 2, Tumor Necrosis Factor,Receptors, TRAIL,Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Member 10,Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Member 10b,TNF-Related Apoptosis-Inducing Ligand Receptors,Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor Superfamily, Member 10,APO2 Receptor,CD261 Antigen,CD262 Antigen,CD264 Antigen,DCR2 Receptor,DR4 Receptor,DR5 Receptor,Death Receptor-4,Death Receptor-5,Receptor, TRAIL-1,Receptor, TRAIL-2,Receptor, TRAIL-4,Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Member 10a,Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Member 10d,TNF-Related Apoptosis-Inducing Ligand Receptor 2,TRAIL Receptor 1,TRAIL Receptor 2,TRAIL Receptor 4,TRAIL Receptors,Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor Superfamily, Member 10a,Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor Superfamily, Member 10b,Antigen, CD261,Antigen, CD262,Antigen, CD264,Death Receptor 4,Death Receptor 5,Receptor 4, TRAIL,Receptor, APO2,Receptor, DCR2,Receptor, DR4,Receptor, DR5,Receptor, TRAIL 1,Receptor, TRAIL 2,Receptor, TRAIL 4,Receptor-4, Death,Receptors, TNF Related Apoptosis Inducing Ligand,TNF Related Apoptosis Inducing Ligand Receptor 2,TNF Related Apoptosis Inducing Ligand Receptors,TRAIL-1 Receptor,TRAIL-2 Receptor,TRAIL-4 Receptor

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