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The authors report a case of cardiotoxicity secondary to 5-FU, the 67th in literature in a 46-year-old woman subjected to adjuvant therapy with a CMF protocol after surgical treatment for carcinoma of the breast, and presenting onset of clinical symptoms 16 hours after administration of the first dose. Analysis of previous cases reported in literature revealed no evidence of age or sex as risk factors. Doubts exist as to whether or not pre-existing heart disease and thoraco-mediastinic radiotherapy increase the risk. With regard to the causes of the syndrome, the authors are inclined to attribute its onset to an auto-immune mechanism. 5-FU-induced cardiotoxicity, though rare, should be borne in mind and the use of the drug should be discontinued at the first signs of cardiotoxicity.
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