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A 47-year-old man who had been treated with an anabolic steroid for refractory anemia developed an intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma with metastases to abdominal lymph nodes and lungs. Microscopically, the tumor showed mucin production and was devoid of hepatocellular elements. Previous reports have suggested a possible relationship between anabolic steroid therapy and hepatocellular carcinoma. In many such cases, there are doubts about the histological diagnosis, malignant potential, and the nature of the association between the steroids and the tumors. The presence of distant metastases attests to the malignant nature of the tumor in the present case. Despite the apparent temporal eligibility of the steroid as an etiologic agent, a causative relationship between therapy and tumor is not established.
F W Stromeyer, and
D H Smith, and
K G Ishak
April 2023,
Cancers,
F W Stromeyer, and
D H Smith, and
K G Ishak
June 2022,
Journal of clinical and translational hepatology,
F W Stromeyer, and
D H Smith, and
K G Ishak
April 1973,
Lancet (London, England),
F W Stromeyer, and
D H Smith, and
K G Ishak
August 1975,
The American journal of roentgenology, radium therapy, and nuclear medicine,
F W Stromeyer, and
D H Smith, and
K G Ishak
June 1971,
Munchener medizinische Wochenschrift (1950),
F W Stromeyer, and
D H Smith, and
K G Ishak
December 2012,
Gastroenterology,
F W Stromeyer, and
D H Smith, and
K G Ishak
January 2016,
Digestive diseases (Basel, Switzerland),
F W Stromeyer, and
D H Smith, and
K G Ishak
May 2015,
Journal of gastroenterology and hepatology,
F W Stromeyer, and
D H Smith, and
K G Ishak
December 2023,
Hepatobiliary surgery and nutrition,
F W Stromeyer, and
D H Smith, and
K G Ishak
December 2015,
Techniques in vascular and interventional radiology,
