Biomaterial Database

Auditory and vestibular hair cell stereocilia: relationship between functionality and inner ear disease. 2011

R R Ciuman

Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Marienhospital Gelsenkirchen, Germany. ciuman.raphael@cityweb.de

The stereocilia of the inner ear are unique cellular structures which correlate anatomically with distinct cochlear functions, including mechanoelectrical transduction, cochlear amplification, adaptation, frequency selectivity and tuning. Their function is impaired by inner ear stressors, by various types of hereditary deafness, syndromic hearing loss and inner ear disease (e.g. Ménière's disease). The anatomical and physiological characteristics of stereocilia are discussed in relation to inner ear malfunctions.

UI	MeSH Term	Description	Entries
D007759	Labyrinth Diseases	Pathological processes of the inner ear (LABYRINTH) which contains the essential apparatus of hearing (COCHLEA) and balance (SEMICIRCULAR CANALS).	Inner Ear Disease,Ear Disease, Inner,Ear Diseases, Inner,Inner Ear Diseases,Labyrinth Disease
D009218	Myosins	A diverse superfamily of proteins that function as translocating proteins. They share the common characteristics of being able to bind ACTINS and hydrolyze MgATP. Myosins generally consist of heavy chains which are involved in locomotion, and light chains which are involved in regulation. Within the structure of myosin heavy chain are three domains: the head, the neck and the tail. The head region of the heavy chain contains the actin binding domain and MgATPase domain which provides energy for locomotion. The neck region is involved in binding the light-chains. The tail region provides the anchoring point that maintains the position of the heavy chain. The superfamily of myosins is organized into structural classes based upon the type and arrangement of the subunits they contain.	Myosin ATPase,ATPase, Actin-Activated,ATPase, Actomyosin,ATPase, Myosin,Actin-Activated ATPase,Actomyosin ATPase,Actomyosin Adenosinetriphosphatase,Adenosine Triphosphatase, Myosin,Adenosinetriphosphatase, Actomyosin,Adenosinetriphosphatase, Myosin,Myosin,Myosin Adenosinetriphosphatase,ATPase, Actin Activated,Actin Activated ATPase,Myosin Adenosine Triphosphatase
D002118	Calcium	A basic element found in nearly all tissues. It is a member of the alkaline earth family of metals with the atomic symbol Ca, atomic number 20, and atomic weight 40. Calcium is the most abundant mineral in the body and combines with phosphorus to form calcium phosphate in the bones and teeth. It is essential for the normal functioning of nerves and muscles and plays a role in blood coagulation (as factor IV) and in many enzymatic processes.	Coagulation Factor IV,Factor IV,Blood Coagulation Factor IV,Calcium-40,Calcium 40,Factor IV, Coagulation
D002648	Child	A person 6 to 12 years of age. An individual 2 to 5 years old is CHILD, PRESCHOOL.	Children
D006198	Hair Cells, Auditory	Sensory cells in the organ of Corti, characterized by their apical stereocilia (hair-like projections). The inner and outer hair cells, as defined by their proximity to the core of spongy bone (the modiolus), change morphologically along the COCHLEA. Towards the cochlear apex, the length of hair cell bodies and their apical STEREOCILIA increase, allowing differential responses to various frequencies of sound.	Auditory Hair Cells,Cochlear Hair Cells,Auditory Hair Cell,Cell, Cochlear Hair,Cells, Cochlear Hair,Cochlear Hair Cell,Hair Cell, Auditory,Hair Cell, Cochlear,Hair Cells, Cochlear
D006801	Humans	Members of the species Homo sapiens.	Homo sapiens,Man (Taxonomy),Human,Man, Modern,Modern Man
D000222	Adaptation, Physiological	The non-genetic biological changes of an organism in response to challenges in its ENVIRONMENT.	Adaptation, Physiologic,Adaptations, Physiologic,Adaptations, Physiological,Adaptive Plasticity,Phenotypic Plasticity,Physiological Adaptation,Physiologic Adaptation,Physiologic Adaptations,Physiological Adaptations,Plasticity, Adaptive,Plasticity, Phenotypic
D000818	Animals	Unicellular or multicellular, heterotrophic organisms, that have sensation and the power of voluntary movement. Under the older five kingdom paradigm, Animalia was one of the kingdoms. Under the modern three domain model, Animalia represents one of the many groups in the domain EUKARYOTA.	Animal,Metazoa,Animalia
D001309	Auditory Threshold	The audibility limit of discriminating sound intensity and pitch.	Auditory Thresholds,Threshold, Auditory,Thresholds, Auditory
D052245	Usher Syndromes	Autosomal recessive hereditary disorders characterized by congenital SENSORINEURAL HEARING LOSS and RETINITIS PIGMENTOSA. Genetically and symptomatically heterogeneous, clinical classes include type I, type II, and type III. Their severity, age of onset of retinitis pigmentosa and the degree of vestibular dysfunction are variable.	Deafness-Retinitis Pigmentosa Syndrome,Dystrophia Retinae Pigmentosa-Dysostosis Syndrome,Graefe-Usher Syndrome,Hallgren Syndrome,Retinitis Pigmentosa And Congenital Deafness,Retinitis Pigmentosa-Deafness Syndrome,Usher Syndrome,Usher Syndrome, Type 1,Usher Syndrome, Type 1A,Usher Syndrome, Type 3,Usher Syndrome, Type I,Usher Syndrome, Type I, French Variety,Usher Syndrome, Type II,Usher Syndrome, Type III,Usher Syndrome, Type IId,Usher's Syndrome,Deafness Retinitis Pigmentosa Syndrome,Deafness-Retinitis Pigmentosa Syndromes,Dystrophia Retinae Pigmentosa Dysostosis Syndrome,Graefe Usher Syndrome,Pigmentosa Syndromes, Deafness-Retinitis,Retinitis Pigmentosa Deafness Syndrome,Retinitis Pigmentosa-Deafness Syndromes,Syndrome, Deafness-Retinitis Pigmentosa,Syndrome, Graefe-Usher,Syndrome, Hallgren,Syndrome, Retinitis Pigmentosa-Deafness,Syndrome, Usher,Syndrome, Usher's,Syndromes, Deafness-Retinitis Pigmentosa,Syndromes, Retinitis Pigmentosa-Deafness,Syndromes, Usher,Ushers Syndrome