Biomaterial Database

Heterogeneity of cell surface structures involved in cytotoxicity mediated by lymphokine activated killer cells. 1990

P Bean, and R Agah, and A Mazumder

Department of Pathology, University of Southern California School of Medicine, Los Angeles.

Lymphokine activated killer (LAK) cells mediate the lysis of a variety of histologically distinct tumor targets. We investigated the nature and diversity of the structures involved in the recognition phenomenon by evaluating the effects of treating effector and target cells with trypsin and chymotrypsin, enzymes that disrupt surface protein molecules. Chymotrypsin and trypsin treatment of B16 target cells, a murine melanoma cell line, significantly abolished killing by LAK cells. Alternatively, neither of these treatments in P815 cells, a murine mastocytoma cell line, affected killing by LAK cells. Moreover, we found a differential effect of both these enzymes on YAC-1 cells, a murine leukemia cell line, with trypsin having a less inhibitory effect on cytolysis than chymotrypsin. The nature of the LAK cell receptor that presumably plays a role in binding target antigen was also investigated. Treatment of LAK cells with chymotrypsin significantly reduced lysis of the B16 and YAC-1 target cell types. However, trypsin treatment of the effectors only inhibited killing of the B16 tumor cell line. Cytotoxicity exerted against YAC-1 remained unaltered upon trypsinization of LAK cells. These cumulative results indicate heterogeneity of both the receptors on the LAK cells and the surface antigen molecules recognized on these targets. The use of YAC-1 as a target provided us with a tool to compare the LAK with the natural killer (NK) systems. The overall effect of proteolytic enzyme treatment in reducing cell lysis was more pronounced in the NK than in the LAK system.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

UI	MeSH Term	Description	Entries
D008565	Membrane Proteins	Proteins which are found in membranes including cellular and intracellular membranes. They consist of two types, peripheral and integral proteins. They include most membrane-associated enzymes, antigenic proteins, transport proteins, and drug, hormone, and lectin receptors.	Cell Membrane Protein,Cell Membrane Proteins,Cell Surface Protein,Cell Surface Proteins,Integral Membrane Proteins,Membrane-Associated Protein,Surface Protein,Surface Proteins,Integral Membrane Protein,Membrane Protein,Membrane-Associated Proteins,Membrane Associated Protein,Membrane Associated Proteins,Membrane Protein, Cell,Membrane Protein, Integral,Membrane Proteins, Integral,Protein, Cell Membrane,Protein, Cell Surface,Protein, Integral Membrane,Protein, Membrane,Protein, Membrane-Associated,Protein, Surface,Proteins, Cell Membrane,Proteins, Cell Surface,Proteins, Integral Membrane,Proteins, Membrane,Proteins, Membrane-Associated,Proteins, Surface,Surface Protein, Cell
D009363	Neoplasm Proteins	Proteins whose abnormal expression (gain or loss) are associated with the development, growth, or progression of NEOPLASMS. Some neoplasm proteins are tumor antigens (ANTIGENS, NEOPLASM), i.e. they induce an immune reaction to their tumor. Many neoplasm proteins have been characterized and are used as tumor markers (BIOMARKERS, TUMOR) when they are detectable in cells and body fluids as monitors for the presence or growth of tumors. Abnormal expression of ONCOGENE PROTEINS is involved in neoplastic transformation, whereas the loss of expression of TUMOR SUPPRESSOR PROTEINS is involved with the loss of growth control and progression of the neoplasm.	Proteins, Neoplasm
D010447	Peptide Hydrolases	Hydrolases that specifically cleave the peptide bonds found in PROTEINS and PEPTIDES. Examples of sub-subclasses for this group include EXOPEPTIDASES and ENDOPEPTIDASES.	Peptidase,Peptidases,Peptide Hydrolase,Protease,Proteases,Proteinase,Proteinases,Proteolytic Enzyme,Proteolytic Enzymes,Esteroproteases,Enzyme, Proteolytic,Hydrolase, Peptide
D003602	Cytotoxicity, Immunologic	The phenomenon of target cell destruction by immunologically active effector cells. It may be brought about directly by sensitized T-lymphocytes or by lymphoid or myeloid "killer" cells, or it may be mediated by cytotoxic antibody, cytotoxic factor released by lymphoid cells, or complement.	Tumoricidal Activity, Immunologic,Immunologic Cytotoxicity,Immunologic Tumoricidal Activities,Immunologic Tumoricidal Activity,Tumoricidal Activities, Immunologic
D000818	Animals	Unicellular or multicellular, heterotrophic organisms, that have sensation and the power of voluntary movement. Under the older five kingdom paradigm, Animalia was one of the kingdoms. Under the modern three domain model, Animalia represents one of the many groups in the domain EUKARYOTA.	Animal,Metazoa,Animalia
D014407	Tumor Cells, Cultured	Cells grown in vitro from neoplastic tissue. If they can be established as a TUMOR CELL LINE, they can be propagated in cell culture indefinitely.	Cultured Tumor Cells,Neoplastic Cells, Cultured,Cultured Neoplastic Cells,Cell, Cultured Neoplastic,Cell, Cultured Tumor,Cells, Cultured Neoplastic,Cells, Cultured Tumor,Cultured Neoplastic Cell,Cultured Tumor Cell,Neoplastic Cell, Cultured,Tumor Cell, Cultured
D015979	Killer Cells, Lymphokine-Activated	Cytolytic lymphocytes with the unique capacity of killing natural killer (NK)-resistant fresh tumor cells. They are INTERLEUKIN-2-activated NK cells that have no MAJOR HISTOCOMPATIBILITY COMPLEX restriction or need for antigen stimulation. LAK cells are used for ADOPTIVE IMMUNOTHERAPY in cancer patients.	LAK Cells,Lymphokine-Activated Killer Cells,Cell, LAK,Cell, Lymphokine-Activated Killer,Cells, LAK,Cells, Lymphokine-Activated Killer,Killer Cell, Lymphokine-Activated,Killer Cells, Lymphokine Activated,LAK Cell,Lymphokine Activated Killer Cells,Lymphokine-Activated Killer Cell
D051379	Mice	The common name for the genus Mus.	Mice, House,Mus,Mus musculus,Mice, Laboratory,Mouse,Mouse, House,Mouse, Laboratory,Mouse, Swiss,Mus domesticus,Mus musculus domesticus,Swiss Mice,House Mice,House Mouse,Laboratory Mice,Laboratory Mouse,Mice, Swiss,Swiss Mouse,domesticus, Mus musculus