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Circadian timekeeping in Drosophila melanogaster and Mus musculus. 2011

Nicholas R J Glossop
University of Manchester, U.K. nicholas.glossop@manchester.ac.uk

The discovery of the period gene mutants in 1971 provided the first evidence that daily rhythms in the sleep-wake cycle of a multicellular organism, the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster, had an underlying genetic basis. Subsequent research has established that the biological clock mechanism in flies and mammals is strikingly similar and functions as a bimodal switch, simultaneously turning on one set of genes and turning off another set and then reversing the process every 12 h. In this chapter, the current model of the clock mechanism in Drosophila will be presented. This relatively basic model will then be used to outline the general rules that govern how the biological clock operates in mammals.

UI MeSH Term Description Entries
D008027 Light That portion of the electromagnetic spectrum in the visible, ultraviolet, and infrared range. Light, Visible,Photoradiation,Radiation, Visible,Visible Radiation,Photoradiations,Radiations, Visible,Visible Light,Visible Radiations
D001931 Brain Mapping Imaging techniques used to colocalize sites of brain functions or physiological activity with brain structures. Brain Electrical Activity Mapping,Functional Cerebral Localization,Topographic Brain Mapping,Brain Mapping, Topographic,Functional Cerebral Localizations,Mapping, Brain,Mapping, Topographic Brain
D002940 Circadian Rhythm The regular recurrence, in cycles of about 24 hours, of biological processes or activities, such as sensitivity to drugs or environmental and physiological stimuli. Diurnal Rhythm,Nyctohemeral Rhythm,Twenty-Four Hour Rhythm,Nycthemeral Rhythm,Circadian Rhythms,Diurnal Rhythms,Nycthemeral Rhythms,Nyctohemeral Rhythms,Rhythm, Circadian,Rhythm, Diurnal,Rhythm, Nycthemeral,Rhythm, Nyctohemeral,Rhythm, Twenty-Four Hour,Rhythms, Circadian,Rhythms, Diurnal,Rhythms, Nycthemeral,Rhythms, Nyctohemeral,Rhythms, Twenty-Four Hour,Twenty Four Hour Rhythm,Twenty-Four Hour Rhythms
D004331 Drosophila melanogaster A species of fruit fly frequently used in genetics because of the large size of its chromosomes. D. melanogaster,Drosophila melanogasters,melanogaster, Drosophila
D000818 Animals Unicellular or multicellular, heterotrophic organisms, that have sensation and the power of voluntary movement. Under the older five kingdom paradigm, Animalia was one of the kingdoms. Under the modern three domain model, Animalia represents one of the many groups in the domain EUKARYOTA. Animal,Metazoa,Animalia
D017440 Photoperiod The time period of daily exposure that an organism receives from daylight or artificial light. It is believed that photoperiodic responses may affect the control of energy balance and thermoregulation. Dark-Light Cycle,Daylight Cycle,Light Cycle,Light-Dark Cycle,Cycle, Dark-Light,Cycle, Daylight,Cycle, Light,Cycle, Light-Dark,Cycles, Dark-Light,Cycles, Daylight,Cycles, Light,Cycles, Light-Dark,Dark Light Cycle,Dark-Light Cycles,Daylight Cycles,Light Cycles,Light Dark Cycle,Light-Dark Cycles,Photoperiods
D051379 Mice The common name for the genus Mus. Mice, House,Mus,Mus musculus,Mice, Laboratory,Mouse,Mouse, House,Mouse, Laboratory,Mouse, Swiss,Mus domesticus,Mus musculus domesticus,Swiss Mice,House Mice,House Mouse,Laboratory Mice,Laboratory Mouse,Mice, Swiss,Swiss Mouse,domesticus, Mus musculus
D056916 Segmental Duplications, Genomic Low-copy (2-50) repetitive DNA elements that are highly homologous and range in size from 1000 to 400,000 base pairs. Segmental Duplications,Duplicons,Low-Copy Repeat Sequences,Low-Copy Repeats,Low-Copy Repeats, DNA,DNA Low-Copy Repeat,DNA Low-Copy Repeats,Duplication, Genomic Segmental,Duplication, Segmental,Duplications, Genomic Segmental,Duplications, Segmental,Duplicon,Genomic Segmental Duplication,Genomic Segmental Duplications,Low Copy Repeat Sequences,Low Copy Repeats,Low Copy Repeats, DNA,Low-Copy Repeat,Low-Copy Repeat Sequence,Low-Copy Repeat, DNA,Repeat Sequence, Low-Copy,Repeat Sequences, Low-Copy,Repeat, DNA Low-Copy,Repeat, Low-Copy,Repeats, DNA Low-Copy,Repeats, Low-Copy,Segmental Duplication,Segmental Duplication, Genomic,Sequence, Low-Copy Repeat,Sequences, Low-Copy Repeat
D056950 Period Circadian Proteins Circadian rhythm signaling proteins that influence circadian clock by interacting with other circadian regulatory proteins and transporting them into the CELL NUCLEUS. Circadian Clock Protein Period,Circadian Clock Protein Period 1,Circadian Clock Protein Period 2,Circadian Clock Protein Period 3,Circadian Pacemaker Protein Rigui,Period Circadian Protein 1,Period Circadian Protein 2,Period Circadian Protein 3,Period Proteins
D057906 Circadian Clocks Biological mechanism that controls CIRCADIAN RHYTHM. Circadian clocks exist in the simplest form in cyanobacteria and as more complex systems in fungi, plants, and animals. In humans the system includes photoresponsive RETINAL GANGLION CELLS and the SUPRACHIASMATIC NUCLEUS that acts as the central oscillator. Circadian Clock System,Circadian Timing System,Circadian Clock,Circadian Clock Systems,Circadian Timing Systems,Clock System, Circadian,Clock Systems, Circadian,Clock, Circadian,Clocks, Circadian,System, Circadian Clock,System, Circadian Timing,Systems, Circadian Clock,Systems, Circadian Timing,Timing System, Circadian,Timing Systems, Circadian

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