We correlated the content of hypothalamic (HT) GnRH and pituitary (PT) GnRH receptor sites with PT and plasma gonadotropin levels throughout aging in C57BL/6J mice. Female mice of 4-6 months (young), 10-12 months (middle-age) or 15-18 months (old) of age were studied either intact or 15 days post-ovariectomy (OVX) with or without E2 therapy. In intact mice, HT GnRH content increased twofold during aging while GnRH receptor sites in PT remained unchanged. PT content of both FSH and LH gradually rose during aging while plasma concentration rose even more. OVX resulted in a significant decrease in both HT GnRH content and PT receptor sites and no age difference was observed. OVX also resulted in a significant increase in both PT content and plasma levels of gonadotropin in young and middle-age mice while old mice showed a blunted response. After E2 therapy for 7 days, HT GnRH content and PT GnRH receptor sites returned to normal levels in all age groups. By contrast, E2 therapy resulted in no change in PT content of FSH:LH in any age group. Whereas plasma FSH:LH levels returned to intact levels in young mice, they remained elevated to OVX levels in middle-age and old ones. Our results demonstrate an age related dichotomy in the PT production of FSH:LH unrelated to changes in either HT GnRH content or its PT receptor sites, thus suggesting cellular defects in post-receptor binding events within the pituitary.