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Ultrasonography has a primary role in the imaging of biliary disease. Most cases are straightforward, but the authors emphasize unusual manifestations, uncommon diseases, and artifacts that may present diagnostic challenges. Issues in differential diagnosis are discussed for the following findings: internal gallbladder echoes (calculi vs tumefactive sludge, air, hematobilia, parasitic infestation, cholecystosis, neoplasia, and artifacts), gallbladder wall thickening (acute cholecystitis vs acalculous cholecystitis, artifacts, ascites, hypoalbuminemia, hepatitis, and sclerosing cholangitis), pericholecystic fluid (cholecystitis vs ascites, perforated ulcer, and trauma), bile duct dilatation (biliary obstruction vs sclerosing cholangitis, biliary air, anomalous portal system, biliary atresia, Caroli disease, and cholangiocarcinoma), perinatal and neonatal biliary disease, and sclerosing cholangitis.
S J Rosenthal, and
G G Cox, and
L H Wetzel, and
S Batnitzky
January 1989,
Journal of clinical ultrasound : JCU,
S J Rosenthal, and
G G Cox, and
L H Wetzel, and
S Batnitzky
July 1999,
Radiologic clinics of North America,
S J Rosenthal, and
G G Cox, and
L H Wetzel, and
S Batnitzky
July 2023,
Orthopadie (Heidelberg, Germany),
S J Rosenthal, and
G G Cox, and
L H Wetzel, and
S Batnitzky
April 2010,
Diagnostic cytopathology,
S J Rosenthal, and
G G Cox, and
L H Wetzel, and
S Batnitzky
July 1976,
Ceskoslovenska neurologie a neurochirurgie,
S J Rosenthal, and
G G Cox, and
L H Wetzel, and
S Batnitzky
March 2014,
Clinical endocrinology,
S J Rosenthal, and
G G Cox, and
L H Wetzel, and
S Batnitzky
January 2000,
Radiographics : a review publication of the Radiological Society of North America, Inc,
S J Rosenthal, and
G G Cox, and
L H Wetzel, and
S Batnitzky
November 1962,
Neurology,
S J Rosenthal, and
G G Cox, and
L H Wetzel, and
S Batnitzky
April 2001,
Diagnostic cytopathology,
S J Rosenthal, and
G G Cox, and
L H Wetzel, and
S Batnitzky
November 2018,
Deutsche medizinische Wochenschrift (1946),
