[Behavioral correlations of gradual forced administration of psychoactive drugs]. 2011

P D Shabanov, and A A Lebedev

The study was aimed at evaluating the behavioral correlations of the forced administration of psychoactive drugs. Wistar rats received the following drugs in elevated doses (over 4 days, i. p.): (i) physiological saline (control; 0.1-0.2-0.4-0.8 ml/rat), (ii) psychostimulant amphetamine (0.5-1.0--2.0-4.0 mg/kg); (iii) opioid analgetic fentanyl (0.00625-0.0125--0.025-0.05 mg/kg), (iv) ethanol 40% solution (0.5-1.0--2.0-4.0 g/kg), (v) barbiturate sodium ethaminal (2.5-5--10-20 mg/kg); and(vi) synthetic glucocorticoid dexamethasone (0.5-1.0--2.0-4.0 mg/kg). The forced regime of drug administration led to gradual load of the organism and prevented drug tolerance. The dynamics of self-stimulation reaction of the lateral hypothalamus was registered every day over drug administration period and revealed the following regularities: (I) dose-dependent effect of psychostimulant amphetamine and opioid analgetic fentanyl; (II) dexamethasone modulated self-stimulation, increasing (2 day, 1 mg/kg) or decreasing it (3 day, 2 mg/kg); (III) ethanol (1-2 g/kg) activated self-stimulation slightly; (IV) sodium ethaminal slightly inhibited self-stimulation and increased the thresholds of self-stimulation. In 24 h and 72 h after the last administration of drugs, the rat behavior was assessed in open field, elevated plus maze, resident-intruder paradigm, and Porsolt's test. In the open field, significant signs of post-intoxication exposure of psychoactive drugs were revealed, which were registered for 24-72 h after drug withdrawal. The withdrawal of drugs was accompanied with reduction (in 24 h) and subsequent recovery (in 72 h) of the vertical motor activity, exploration behavior, and emotionality. The anxiety indexes were increased up to the 3rd day after withdrawal. The antidepressant effect was also increased. The system of aggression-defense was restored only in rats treated with ethanol. The indexes of individual behavior and communicability in the post-intoxication period were decreased as well. It is suggested that the forced regime of drug administration in increasing doses with subsequent withdrawal of drug injections is a suitable method to evaluate the behavioral elements of drug dependence.

UI MeSH Term Description Entries
D008297 Male Males
D010424 Pentobarbital A short-acting barbiturate that is effective as a sedative and hypnotic (but not as an anti-anxiety) agent and is usually given orally. It is prescribed more frequently for sleep induction than for sedation but, like similar agents, may lose its effectiveness by the second week of continued administration. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p236) Mebubarbital,Mebumal,Diabutal,Etaminal,Ethaminal,Nembutal,Pentobarbital Sodium,Pentobarbital, Monosodium Salt,Pentobarbitone,Sagatal,Monosodium Salt Pentobarbital
D011619 Psychotropic Drugs A loosely defined grouping of drugs that have effects on psychological function. Here the psychotropic agents include the antidepressive agents, hallucinogens, and tranquilizing agents (including the antipsychotics and anti-anxiety agents). Psychoactive Agent,Psychoactive Agents,Psychoactive Drug,Psychopharmaceutical,Psychopharmaceuticals,Psychotropic Drug,Psychoactive Drugs,Agent, Psychoactive,Agents, Psychoactive,Drug, Psychoactive,Drug, Psychotropic,Drugs, Psychoactive,Drugs, Psychotropic
D003907 Dexamethasone An anti-inflammatory 9-fluoro-glucocorticoid. Hexadecadrol,Decaject,Decaject-L.A.,Decameth,Decaspray,Dexasone,Dexpak,Hexadrol,Maxidex,Methylfluorprednisolone,Millicorten,Oradexon,Decaject L.A.
D004305 Dose-Response Relationship, Drug The relationship between the dose of an administered drug and the response of the organism to the drug. Dose Response Relationship, Drug,Dose-Response Relationships, Drug,Drug Dose-Response Relationship,Drug Dose-Response Relationships,Relationship, Drug Dose-Response,Relationships, Drug Dose-Response
D004361 Drug Tolerance Progressive diminution of the susceptibility of a human or animal to the effects of a drug, resulting from its continued administration. It should be differentiated from DRUG RESISTANCE wherein an organism, disease, or tissue fails to respond to the intended effectiveness of a chemical or drug. It should also be differentiated from MAXIMUM TOLERATED DOSE and NO-OBSERVED-ADVERSE-EFFECT LEVEL. Drug Tolerances,Tolerance, Drug,Tolerances, Drug
D005106 Exploratory Behavior The tendency to explore or investigate a novel environment. It is considered a motivation not clearly distinguishable from curiosity. Curiosity,Novelty-Seeking Behavior,Behavior, Exploratory,Behavior, Novelty-Seeking,Behaviors, Exploratory,Behaviors, Novelty-Seeking,Curiosities,Exploratory Behaviors,Novelty Seeking Behavior,Novelty-Seeking Behaviors
D005283 Fentanyl A potent narcotic analgesic, abuse of which leads to habituation or addiction. It is primarily a mu-opioid agonist. Fentanyl is also used as an adjunct to general anesthetics, and as an anesthetic for induction and maintenance. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1078) Phentanyl,Duragesic,Durogesic,Fentanest,Fentanyl Citrate,Fentora,R-4263,Sublimaze,Transmucosal Oral Fentanyl Citrate,R 4263,R4263
D000431 Ethanol A clear, colorless liquid rapidly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract and distributed throughout the body. It has bactericidal activity and is used often as a topical disinfectant. It is widely used as a solvent and preservative in pharmaceutical preparations as well as serving as the primary ingredient in ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES. Alcohol, Ethyl,Absolute Alcohol,Grain Alcohol,Alcohol, Absolute,Alcohol, Grain,Ethyl Alcohol
D000661 Amphetamine A powerful central nervous system stimulant and sympathomimetic. Amphetamine has multiple mechanisms of action including blocking uptake of adrenergics and dopamine, stimulation of release of monamines, and inhibiting monoamine oxidase. Amphetamine is also a drug of abuse and a psychotomimetic. The l- and the d,l-forms are included here. The l-form has less central nervous system activity but stronger cardiovascular effects. The d-form is DEXTROAMPHETAMINE. Desoxynorephedrin,Levoamphetamine,Phenopromin,l-Amphetamine,Amfetamine,Amphetamine Sulfate,Amphetamine Sulfate (2:1),Centramina,Fenamine,Mydrial,Phenamine,Thyramine,levo-Amphetamine,Sulfate, Amphetamine,l Amphetamine,levo Amphetamine

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