Biomaterial Database

Cyclic nucleotides, cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase, and development in Myxococcus xanthus. 1978

H D McCurdy, and J Ho, and W J Dobson

Exogenous cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase (PD) accelerated fruiting body (FB) formation and increased territory size of aggregates in Myxococcus xanthus. Both guanosine 3'5'-monophosphate (cGMP) and guanosine 5'-monophosphate (GMP) were antagonistic to the PD effect. Adenosine 3'5'-monophosphate (cAMP) increases FB numbers twofold in the absence but not in the presence of PD. PD induction is not affected by methionine or isoleucine, which inhibit, or by threonine, which stimulates, FB formation. There is an increase and subsequent decrease in cAMP levels during early glycerol-induced microcyst development but 10 mM theophylline or caffeine not only inhibited microcyst development but induced germination in the presence of glycerol. On the basis of these results and the reports of other investigators a tentative model is proposed based on a dual role for cyclic nucleotides in the development in M. xanthus.

UI	MeSH Term	Description	Entries
D007532	Isoleucine	An essential branched-chain aliphatic amino acid found in many proteins. It is an isomer of LEUCINE. It is important in hemoglobin synthesis and regulation of blood sugar and energy levels.	Alloisoleucine,Isoleucine, L-Isomer,L-Isoleucine,Isoleucine, L Isomer,L-Isomer Isoleucine
D008715	Methionine	A sulfur-containing essential L-amino acid that is important in many body functions.	L-Methionine,Liquimeth,Methionine, L-Isomer,Pedameth,L-Isomer Methionine,Methionine, L Isomer
D009231	Myxococcales	An order of rod-shaped, gram-negative fruiting gliding bacteria found in SOIL; WATER; and HUMUS.	Myxobacterales,Myxobacteria,Polyangiaceae,Polyangium,Slime Bacteria
D010710	Phosphates	Inorganic salts of phosphoric acid.	Inorganic Phosphate,Phosphates, Inorganic,Inorganic Phosphates,Orthophosphate,Phosphate,Phosphate, Inorganic
D010727	Phosphoric Diester Hydrolases	A class of enzymes that catalyze the hydrolysis of one of the two ester bonds in a phosphodiester compound. EC 3.1.4.	Phosphodiesterase,Phosphodiesterases,Hydrolases, Phosphoric Diester
D005990	Glycerol	A trihydroxy sugar alcohol that is an intermediate in carbohydrate and lipid metabolism. It is used as a solvent, emollient, pharmaceutical agent, or sweetening agent.	1,2,3-Propanetriol,Glycerin,1,2,3-Trihydroxypropane,Glycerine
D006152	Cyclic GMP	Guanosine cyclic 3',5'-(hydrogen phosphate). A guanine nucleotide containing one phosphate group which is esterified to the sugar moiety in both the 3'- and 5'-positions. It is a cellular regulatory agent and has been described as a second messenger. Its levels increase in response to a variety of hormones, including acetylcholine, insulin, and oxytocin and it has been found to activate specific protein kinases. (From Merck Index, 11th ed)	Guanosine Cyclic 3',5'-Monophosphate,Guanosine Cyclic 3,5 Monophosphate,Guanosine Cyclic Monophosphate,Guanosine Cyclic-3',5'-Monophosphate,3',5'-Monophosphate, Guanosine Cyclic,Cyclic 3',5'-Monophosphate, Guanosine,Cyclic Monophosphate, Guanosine,Cyclic-3',5'-Monophosphate, Guanosine,GMP, Cyclic,Guanosine Cyclic 3',5' Monophosphate,Monophosphate, Guanosine Cyclic
D000242	Cyclic AMP	An adenine nucleotide containing one phosphate group which is esterified to both the 3'- and 5'-positions of the sugar moiety. It is a second messenger and a key intracellular regulator, functioning as a mediator of activity for a number of hormones, including epinephrine, glucagon, and ACTH.	Adenosine Cyclic 3',5'-Monophosphate,Adenosine Cyclic 3,5 Monophosphate,Adenosine Cyclic Monophosphate,Adenosine Cyclic-3',5'-Monophosphate,Cyclic AMP, (R)-Isomer,Cyclic AMP, Disodium Salt,Cyclic AMP, Monoammonium Salt,Cyclic AMP, Monopotassium Salt,Cyclic AMP, Monosodium Salt,Cyclic AMP, Sodium Salt,3',5'-Monophosphate, Adenosine Cyclic,AMP, Cyclic,Adenosine Cyclic 3',5' Monophosphate,Cyclic 3',5'-Monophosphate, Adenosine,Cyclic Monophosphate, Adenosine,Cyclic-3',5'-Monophosphate, Adenosine,Monophosphate, Adenosine Cyclic
D013806	Theophylline	A methyl xanthine derivative from tea with diuretic, smooth muscle relaxant, bronchial dilation, cardiac and central nervous system stimulant activities. Theophylline inhibits the 3',5'-CYCLIC NUCLEOTIDE PHOSPHODIESTERASE that degrades CYCLIC AMP thus potentiates the actions of agents that act through ADENYLYL CYCLASES and cyclic AMP.	1,3-Dimethylxanthine,3,7-Dihydro-1,3-dimethyl-1H-purine-2,6-dione,Accurbron,Aerobin,Aerolate,Afonilum Retard,Aquaphyllin,Armophylline,Bronchoparat,Bronkodyl,Constant-T,Elixophyllin,Euphylong,Glycine Theophyllinate,Lodrane,Monospan,Nuelin,Nuelin S.A.,Quibron T-SR,Slo-Phyllin,Somophyllin-T,Sustaire,Synophylate,Theo Von Ct,Theo-24,Theo-Dur,Theobid,Theocin,Theoconfin Continuous,Theodur,Theolair,Theolix,Theon,Theonite,Theopek,Theophylline Anhydrous,Theophylline Sodium Glycinate,Theospan,Theostat,Theovent,Uniphyl,Uniphyllin,Uniphylline,1,3 Dimethylxanthine,Anhydrous, Theophylline,Constant T,ConstantT,Ct, Theo Von,Glycinate, Theophylline Sodium,Quibron T SR,Quibron TSR,Slo Phyllin,SloPhyllin,Sodium Glycinate, Theophylline,Somophyllin T,SomophyllinT,Theo 24,Theo Dur,Theo24,Theophyllinate, Glycine,Von Ct, Theo
D013912	Threonine	An essential amino acid occurring naturally in the L-form, which is the active form. It is found in eggs, milk, gelatin, and other proteins.	L-Threonine,L Threonine