Biomaterial Database

The Fanconi anemia pathway and DNA interstrand cross-link repair. 2011

Xiaoyu Su, and Jun Huang

Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.

Fanconi anemia (FA) is an autosomal or X-linked recessive disorder characterized by chromosomal instability, bone marrow failure, cancer susceptibility, and a profound sensitivity to agents that produce DNA interstrand cross-link (ICL). To date, 15 genes have been identified that, when mutated, result in FA or an FA-like syndrome. It is believed that cellular resistance to DNA interstrand cross-linking agents requires all 15 FA or FA-like proteins. Here, we review our current understanding of how these FA proteins participate in ICL repair and discuss the molecular mechanisms that regulate the FA pathway to maintain genome stability.

UI	MeSH Term	Description	Entries
D009687	Nuclear Proteins	Proteins found in the nucleus of a cell. Do not confuse with NUCLEOPROTEINS which are proteins conjugated with nucleic acids, that are not necessarily present in the nucleus.	Nucleolar Protein,Nucleolar Proteins,Nuclear Protein,Protein, Nuclear,Protein, Nucleolar,Proteins, Nuclear,Proteins, Nucleolar
D004249	DNA Damage	Injuries to DNA that introduce deviations from its normal, intact structure and which may, if left unrepaired, result in a MUTATION or a block of DNA REPLICATION. These deviations may be caused by physical or chemical agents and occur by natural or unnatural, introduced circumstances. They include the introduction of illegitimate bases during replication or by deamination or other modification of bases; the loss of a base from the DNA backbone leaving an abasic site; single-strand breaks; double strand breaks; and intrastrand (PYRIMIDINE DIMERS) or interstrand crosslinking. Damage can often be repaired (DNA REPAIR). If the damage is extensive, it can induce APOPTOSIS.	DNA Injury,DNA Lesion,DNA Lesions,Genotoxic Stress,Stress, Genotoxic,Injury, DNA,DNA Injuries
D004260	DNA Repair	The removal of DNA LESIONS and/or restoration of intact DNA strands without BASE PAIR MISMATCHES, intrastrand or interstrand crosslinks, or discontinuities in the DNA sugar-phosphate backbones.	DNA Damage Response
D004706	Endodeoxyribonucleases	A group of enzymes catalyzing the endonucleolytic cleavage of DNA. They include members of EC 3.1.21.-, EC 3.1.22.-, EC 3.1.23.- (DNA RESTRICTION ENZYMES), EC 3.1.24.- (DNA RESTRICTION ENZYMES), and EC 3.1.25.-.
D005090	Exodeoxyribonucleases	A family of enzymes that catalyze the exonucleolytic cleavage of DNA. It includes members of the class EC 3.1.11 that produce 5'-phosphomonoesters as cleavage products.	DNA Exonucleases,Exonucleases, DNA
D005199	Fanconi Anemia	Congenital disorder affecting all bone marrow elements, resulting in ANEMIA; LEUKOPENIA; and THROMBOPENIA, and associated with cardiac, renal, and limb malformations as well as dermal pigmentary changes. Spontaneous CHROMOSOME BREAKAGE is a feature of this disease along with predisposition to LEUKEMIA. There are at least 7 complementation groups in Fanconi anemia: FANCA, FANCB, FANCC, FANCD1, FANCD2, FANCE, FANCF, FANCG, and FANCL. (from Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man, http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/dispomim.cgi?id	Anemia, Fanconi,Fanconi Hypoplastic Anemia,Fanconi Pancytopenia,Fanconi Panmyelopathy,Fanconi's Anemia,Anemia, Fanconi's,Anemias, Fanconi,Fanconi Anemias
D006801	Humans	Members of the species Homo sapiens.	Homo sapiens,Man (Taxonomy),Human,Man, Modern,Modern Man
D000076164	Fanconi Anemia Complementation Group N Protein	A Fanconi anemia complementation group protein that contains an N-terminal DNA-binding region and seven, C-terminal, WD REPEATS. It is an essential factor in HOMOLOGOUS RECOMBINATION DNA REPAIR through its interactions with BRCA2 PROTEIN; RAD51 RECOMBINASE; and BRCA1 PROTEIN. It functions as a molecular scaffold to localize and stabilize these proteins at homologous recombination sites. Mutations in the PALB2 gene are associated with FANCONI ANEMIA complementation group N; type 3 PANCREATIC NEOPLASMS; and susceptibility to BREAST CANCER.	FANCN Protein,PALB2 Protein,Partner and Localizer of BRCA2 Protein
D045522	Recombinases	A broad category of enzymes that are involved in the process of GENETIC RECOMBINATION.	Recombinase,Resolvase,Resolvases
D051856	Fanconi Anemia Complementation Group Proteins	A diverse group of proteins whose genetic MUTATIONS have been associated with the chromosomal instability syndrome FANCONI ANEMIA. Many of these proteins play important roles in protecting CELLS against OXIDATIVE STRESS.	Fanconi Anemia Core Complex Proteins,Fanconi Anemia Proteins,FANC Proteins