Cardiac outflow and wall motion in hypothermic chick embryos. 2011

Sang-Joon Lee, and Eunseop Yeom, and Hojin Ha, and Kweon-Ho Nam
Center for Biofluid and Biomimic Research, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, South Korea. sjlee@postech.ac.kr

Cardiac outflow in the early developmental stage of a chick embryo is known to be highly variable depending on environmental temperature. To investigate the effects of environmental hypothermia on the blood flow in the outflow tract (OFT) of chick embryonic hearts, microscopic flow images were consecutively captured from chick embryos at HH stage 17 (2.5 days of incubation) at room temperature. Instantaneous velocity field information of blood flow in OFT was obtained using a micro-particle image velocimetry technique. The cyclic variations of the OFT vessel diameter and wall thickness were simultaneously measured. The experimental results show that environmental hypothermia causes bradycardia with a decrease in peak velocity during systole and the occurrence of backflow during diastole in the OFT. These abnormal phenomena seem to be attributed to the suppression of myocardial wall motion under hypothermic conditions.

UI MeSH Term Description Entries
D007036 Hypothermia, Induced Abnormally low BODY TEMPERATURE that is intentionally induced in warm-blooded animals by artificial means. In humans, mild or moderate hypothermia has been used to reduce tissue damages, particularly after cardiac or spinal cord injuries and during subsequent surgeries. Induced Hypothermia,Mild Hypothermia, Induced,Moderate Hypothermia, Induced,Targeted Temperature Management,Therapeutic Hypothermia,Hypothermia, Therapeutic,Induced Mild Hypothermia,Induced Mild Hypothermias,Induced Moderate Hypothermia,Induced Moderate Hypothermias,Mild Hypothermias, Induced,Moderate Hypothermias, Induced,Targeted Temperature Managements
D009200 Myocardial Contraction Contractile activity of the MYOCARDIUM. Heart Contractility,Inotropism, Cardiac,Cardiac Inotropism,Cardiac Inotropisms,Contractilities, Heart,Contractility, Heart,Contraction, Myocardial,Contractions, Myocardial,Heart Contractilities,Inotropisms, Cardiac,Myocardial Contractions
D012039 Regional Blood Flow The flow of BLOOD through or around an organ or region of the body. Blood Flow, Regional,Blood Flows, Regional,Flow, Regional Blood,Flows, Regional Blood,Regional Blood Flows
D001783 Blood Flow Velocity A value equal to the total volume flow divided by the cross-sectional area of the vascular bed. Blood Flow Velocities,Flow Velocities, Blood,Flow Velocity, Blood,Velocities, Blood Flow,Velocity, Blood Flow
D001919 Bradycardia Cardiac arrhythmias that are characterized by excessively slow HEART RATE, usually below 50 beats per minute in human adults. They can be classified broadly into SINOATRIAL NODE dysfunction and ATRIOVENTRICULAR BLOCK. Bradyarrhythmia,Bradyarrhythmias,Bradycardias
D002302 Cardiac Output The volume of BLOOD passing through the HEART per unit of time. It is usually expressed as liters (volume) per minute so as not to be confused with STROKE VOLUME (volume per beat). Cardiac Outputs,Output, Cardiac,Outputs, Cardiac
D002642 Chick Embryo The developmental entity of a fertilized chicken egg (ZYGOTE). The developmental process begins about 24 h before the egg is laid at the BLASTODISC, a small whitish spot on the surface of the EGG YOLK. After 21 days of incubation, the embryo is fully developed before hatching. Embryo, Chick,Chick Embryos,Embryos, Chick
D006321 Heart The hollow, muscular organ that maintains the circulation of the blood. Hearts
D006339 Heart Rate The number of times the HEART VENTRICLES contract per unit of time, usually per minute. Cardiac Rate,Chronotropism, Cardiac,Heart Rate Control,Heartbeat,Pulse Rate,Cardiac Chronotropy,Cardiac Chronotropism,Cardiac Rates,Chronotropy, Cardiac,Control, Heart Rate,Heart Rates,Heartbeats,Pulse Rates,Rate Control, Heart,Rate, Cardiac,Rate, Heart,Rate, Pulse
D000818 Animals Unicellular or multicellular, heterotrophic organisms, that have sensation and the power of voluntary movement. Under the older five kingdom paradigm, Animalia was one of the kingdoms. Under the modern three domain model, Animalia represents one of the many groups in the domain EUKARYOTA. Animal,Metazoa,Animalia

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