A rational therapy of the chronic cardiac insufficiency should be performed according to a certain scheme, in which case the knowledge of the basic disease is necessary for the causal treatment. Apart from the general measures the medicamentous therapy is of particular significance. Hereby up to now the digitalis glycosides remained the remedy of primary choice. They are without doubt indicated in the latent and manifest cardiac insufficiency, consequently from the transition of the NYHA stage II into stage III, in tachycardiac disturbances of rhythm also without cardiac insufficiency in form of auricular fibrillation and auricular flutter as well as in the paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia. Prophylactic, preoperative applications of glycosides and such ones which are performed only for reasons of age are not justified. Also a maintenance therapy is in most cases no more necessary after removal of the cause of the cardiac insufficiency. - Diuretics are to be used in an insufficiency which continues existing despite application of glycosides. Their application must be performed as protracted as possible. - The therapies with vasodilators, such as prazosin, hydralazine and nitrates, which were performed during the last years, showed, indeed, initial success, but no long-term effect. Another fact it is, however, with the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors captopril and enalapril, which are to be regarded as second grade medicaments in combination with glycosides and diuretics. Whether or not they will supersede the glycosides, is at present still an open question. Other positively inotropic medicaments which in comparison to the glycosides show a larger therapeutic breadth are still being developed.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)