Antibody repertoire development in fetal and neonatal piglets XXI. Usage of most VH genes remains constant during fetal and postnatal development. 2011

John E Butler, and Xuizhu Sun, and Nancy Wertz, and Kelly M Lager, and Kathryn Chaloner, and Joseph Urban, and David L Francis, and Peter L Nara, and Gregory J Tobin
Department of Microbiology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA. john-butler@uiowa.edu

Usage of variable region gene segments during development of the antibody repertoire in mammals is unresolved in part because of the complexity of the locus in mice and humans and the difficulty of distinguishing intrinsic from extrinsic influences in these species. We present the first vertical studies on VH usage that spans the fetal and neonatal period using the piglet model. We tracked VH usage in DNA rearrangements and in VDJ transcripts throughout 75 days of gestation (DG) in outbred fetuses, thereafter in outbred germfree and colonized isolator piglets, isolator piglets infected with swine influenza and in conventionally reared nematode-infected adults. Seven VH genes account for >90% of the pre-immune repertoire which is the same among tissues and in both transcripts and DNA rearrangements. Statistical modeling supports the view that proportional usage of the major genes remains constant during fetal life and that postnatal usage ranking is similar to that during fetal life. Changes in usage ranking are developmental not antigen dependent. In this species exposure to environmental antigens results in diversification of the repertoire by somatic hypermutation of the same small number of VH genes that comprise the pre-immune repertoire, not by using other VH gene available in the germline. Therefore in swine a small number of VH genes shape the antibody repertoire throughout life questioning the need for extensive VH polygeny.

UI MeSH Term Description Entries
D007135 Immunoglobulin Variable Region That region of the immunoglobulin molecule that varies in its amino acid sequence and composition, and comprises the binding site for a specific antigen. It is located at the N-terminus of the Fab fragment of the immunoglobulin. It includes hypervariable regions (COMPLEMENTARITY DETERMINING REGIONS) and framework regions. Variable Region, Ig,Variable Region, Immunoglobulin,Framework Region, Immunoglobulin,Fv Antibody Fragments,Fv Fragments,Ig Framework Region,Ig Variable Region,Immunoglobulin Framework Region,Immunoglobulin Fv Fragments,Immunoglobulin V,Antibody Fragment, Fv,Antibody Fragments, Fv,Fragment, Fv,Fragment, Fv Antibody,Fragment, Immunoglobulin Fv,Fragments, Fv,Fragments, Fv Antibody,Fragments, Immunoglobulin Fv,Framework Region, Ig,Framework Regions, Ig,Framework Regions, Immunoglobulin,Fv Antibody Fragment,Fv Fragment,Fv Fragment, Immunoglobulin,Fv Fragments, Immunoglobulin,Ig Framework Regions,Ig Variable Regions,Immunoglobulin Framework Regions,Immunoglobulin Fv Fragment,Immunoglobulin Variable Regions,Regions, Immunoglobulin Variable,Variable Regions, Ig,Variable Regions, Immunoglobulin
D005260 Female Females
D000818 Animals Unicellular or multicellular, heterotrophic organisms, that have sensation and the power of voluntary movement. Under the older five kingdom paradigm, Animalia was one of the kingdoms. Under the modern three domain model, Animalia represents one of the many groups in the domain EUKARYOTA. Animal,Metazoa,Animalia
D000831 Animals, Newborn Refers to animals in the period of time just after birth. Animals, Neonatal,Animal, Neonatal,Animal, Newborn,Neonatal Animal,Neonatal Animals,Newborn Animal,Newborn Animals
D000916 Antibody Diversity The phenomenon of immense variability characteristic of ANTIBODIES. It enables the IMMUNE SYSTEM to react specifically against the essentially unlimited kinds of ANTIGENS it encounters. Antibody diversity is accounted for by three main theories: (1) the Germ Line Theory, which holds that each antibody-producing cell has genes coding for all possible antibody specificities, but expresses only the one stimulated by antigen; (2) the Somatic Mutation Theory, which holds that antibody-producing cells contain only a few genes, which produce antibody diversity by mutation; and (3) the Gene Rearrangement Theory, which holds that antibody diversity is generated by the rearrangement of IMMUNOGLOBULIN VARIABLE REGION gene segments during the differentiation of the ANTIBODY-PRODUCING CELLS. Germ Line Theory,Antibody Diversities,Diversities, Antibody,Diversity, Antibody,Germ Line Theories,Theories, Germ Line,Theory, Germ Line
D012333 RNA, Messenger RNA sequences that serve as templates for protein synthesis. Bacterial mRNAs are generally primary transcripts in that they do not require post-transcriptional processing. Eukaryotic mRNA is synthesized in the nucleus and must be exported to the cytoplasm for translation. Most eukaryotic mRNAs have a sequence of polyadenylic acid at the 3' end, referred to as the poly(A) tail. The function of this tail is not known for certain, but it may play a role in the export of mature mRNA from the nucleus as well as in helping stabilize some mRNA molecules by retarding their degradation in the cytoplasm. Messenger RNA,Messenger RNA, Polyadenylated,Poly(A) Tail,Poly(A)+ RNA,Poly(A)+ mRNA,RNA, Messenger, Polyadenylated,RNA, Polyadenylated,mRNA,mRNA, Non-Polyadenylated,mRNA, Polyadenylated,Non-Polyadenylated mRNA,Poly(A) RNA,Polyadenylated mRNA,Non Polyadenylated mRNA,Polyadenylated Messenger RNA,Polyadenylated RNA,RNA, Polyadenylated Messenger,mRNA, Non Polyadenylated
D013552 Swine Any of various animals that constitute the family Suidae and comprise stout-bodied, short-legged omnivorous mammals with thick skin, usually covered with coarse bristles, a rather long mobile snout, and small tail. Included are the genera Babyrousa, Phacochoerus (wart hogs), and Sus, the latter containing the domestic pig (see SUS SCROFA). Phacochoerus,Pigs,Suidae,Warthogs,Wart Hogs,Hog, Wart,Hogs, Wart,Wart Hog
D018076 DNA, Complementary Single-stranded complementary DNA synthesized from an RNA template by the action of RNA-dependent DNA polymerase. cDNA (i.e., complementary DNA, not circular DNA, not C-DNA) is used in a variety of molecular cloning experiments as well as serving as a specific hybridization probe. Complementary DNA,cDNA,cDNA Probes,Probes, cDNA
D018507 Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental Any of the processes by which nuclear, cytoplasmic, or intercellular factors influence the differential control of gene action during the developmental stages of an organism. Developmental Gene Expression Regulation,Embryologic Gene Expression Regulation,Gene Expression Regulation, Embryologic,Regulation of Gene Expression, Developmental,Regulation of Gene Expression, Embryologic,Regulation, Gene Expression, Developmental,Regulation, Gene Expression, Embryologic
D027041 Somatic Hypermutation, Immunoglobulin A programmed mutation process whereby changes are introduced to the nucleotide sequence of immunoglobulin gene DNA during development. Hypermutation, Somatic, Immunoglobulin,Ig Somatic Hypermutation,Immunoglobulin Somatic Hypermutation,Somatic Hypermutation, Ig,Hypermutation, Ig Somatic,Hypermutation, Immunoglobulin Somatic,Hypermutations, Ig Somatic,Hypermutations, Immunoglobulin Somatic,Ig Somatic Hypermutations,Immunoglobulin Somatic Hypermutations,Somatic Hypermutations, Ig,Somatic Hypermutations, Immunoglobulin

Related Publications

John E Butler, and Xuizhu Sun, and Nancy Wertz, and Kelly M Lager, and Kathryn Chaloner, and Joseph Urban, and David L Francis, and Peter L Nara, and Gregory J Tobin
October 2006, Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950),
John E Butler, and Xuizhu Sun, and Nancy Wertz, and Kelly M Lager, and Kathryn Chaloner, and Joseph Urban, and David L Francis, and Peter L Nara, and Gregory J Tobin
October 2006, Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950),
John E Butler, and Xuizhu Sun, and Nancy Wertz, and Kelly M Lager, and Kathryn Chaloner, and Joseph Urban, and David L Francis, and Peter L Nara, and Gregory J Tobin
December 2002, Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950),
John E Butler, and Xuizhu Sun, and Nancy Wertz, and Kelly M Lager, and Kathryn Chaloner, and Joseph Urban, and David L Francis, and Peter L Nara, and Gregory J Tobin
March 2011, Neuroscience,
John E Butler, and Xuizhu Sun, and Nancy Wertz, and Kelly M Lager, and Kathryn Chaloner, and Joseph Urban, and David L Francis, and Peter L Nara, and Gregory J Tobin
May 2007, Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950),
John E Butler, and Xuizhu Sun, and Nancy Wertz, and Kelly M Lager, and Kathryn Chaloner, and Joseph Urban, and David L Francis, and Peter L Nara, and Gregory J Tobin
December 2016, American journal of physiology. Lung cellular and molecular physiology,
John E Butler, and Xuizhu Sun, and Nancy Wertz, and Kelly M Lager, and Kathryn Chaloner, and Joseph Urban, and David L Francis, and Peter L Nara, and Gregory J Tobin
April 1996, Transplantation proceedings,
John E Butler, and Xuizhu Sun, and Nancy Wertz, and Kelly M Lager, and Kathryn Chaloner, and Joseph Urban, and David L Francis, and Peter L Nara, and Gregory J Tobin
August 1993, Molecular immunology,
John E Butler, and Xuizhu Sun, and Nancy Wertz, and Kelly M Lager, and Kathryn Chaloner, and Joseph Urban, and David L Francis, and Peter L Nara, and Gregory J Tobin
November 2005, Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950),
John E Butler, and Xuizhu Sun, and Nancy Wertz, and Kelly M Lager, and Kathryn Chaloner, and Joseph Urban, and David L Francis, and Peter L Nara, and Gregory J Tobin
December 1983, Veterinary research communications,
Copied contents to your clipboard!