Biomaterial Database

Multifocal motor neuropathy. 2011

Thy P Nguyen, and Vinay Chaudhry

Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.

Multifocal motor neuropathy (MMN) is a unique disorder characterized by slowly progressive, asymmetric, distal and upper limb predominant weakness without significant sensory abnormalities. Electrophysiology is crucial to the diagnosis, revealing the hallmark partial conduction block. MMN is considered immune mediated due to the association with anti-GM1 antibodies and the response to immunomodulatory treatment. It is paramount to recognize MMN from other motor neuronopathies or peripheral neuropathies as it is treatable. Advances in pathogenesis, clinical features, electrophysiology, diagnostic studies and treatment are reviewed. References for this review were identified from literature search on Pubmed limited to dates from 1988 to 2011. Papers were selected if relevant to the review topic and published in English.

UI	MeSH Term	Description	Entries
D008279	Magnetic Resonance Imaging	Non-invasive method of demonstrating internal anatomy based on the principle that atomic nuclei in a strong magnetic field absorb pulses of radiofrequency energy and emit them as radiowaves which can be reconstructed into computerized images. The concept includes proton spin tomographic techniques.	Chemical Shift Imaging,MR Tomography,MRI Scans,MRI, Functional,Magnetic Resonance Image,Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Functional,Magnetization Transfer Contrast Imaging,NMR Imaging,NMR Tomography,Tomography, NMR,Tomography, Proton Spin,fMRI,Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging,Imaging, Chemical Shift,Proton Spin Tomography,Spin Echo Imaging,Steady-State Free Precession MRI,Tomography, MR,Zeugmatography,Chemical Shift Imagings,Echo Imaging, Spin,Echo Imagings, Spin,Functional MRI,Functional MRIs,Image, Magnetic Resonance,Imaging, Magnetic Resonance,Imaging, NMR,Imaging, Spin Echo,Imagings, Chemical Shift,Imagings, Spin Echo,MRI Scan,MRIs, Functional,Magnetic Resonance Images,Resonance Image, Magnetic,Scan, MRI,Scans, MRI,Shift Imaging, Chemical,Shift Imagings, Chemical,Spin Echo Imagings,Steady State Free Precession MRI
D011115	Polyneuropathies	Diseases of multiple peripheral nerves simultaneously. Polyneuropathies usually are characterized by symmetrical, bilateral distal motor and sensory impairment with a graded increase in severity distally. The pathological processes affecting peripheral nerves include degeneration of the axon, myelin or both. The various forms of polyneuropathy are categorized by the type of nerve affected (e.g., sensory, motor, or autonomic), by the distribution of nerve injury (e.g., distal vs. proximal), by nerve component primarily affected (e.g., demyelinating vs. axonal), by etiology, or by pattern of inheritance.	Polyneuropathy, Acquired,Polyneuropathy, Critical Illness,Polyneuropathy, Familial,Polyneuropathy, Inherited,Polyneuropathy, Motor,Acquired Polyneuropathies,Acquired Polyneuropathy,Critical Illness Polyneuropathies,Critical Illness Polyneuropathy,Familial Polyneuropathies,Familial Polyneuropathy,Inherited Polyneuropathies,Inherited Polyneuropathy,Motor Polyneuropathies,Motor Polyneuropathy,Polyneuropathies, Acquired,Polyneuropathies, Critical Illness,Polyneuropathies, Familial,Polyneuropathies, Inherited,Polyneuropathies, Motor,Polyneuropathy
D003937	Diagnosis, Differential	Determination of which one of two or more diseases or conditions a patient is suffering from by systematically comparing and contrasting results of diagnostic measures.	Diagnoses, Differential,Differential Diagnoses,Differential Diagnosis
D004594	Electrophysiology	The study of the generation and behavior of electrical charges in living organisms particularly the nervous system and the effects of electricity on living organisms.
D006801	Humans	Members of the species Homo sapiens.	Homo sapiens,Man (Taxonomy),Human,Man, Modern,Modern Man
D016472	Motor Neuron Disease	Diseases characterized by a selective degeneration of the motor neurons of the spinal cord, brainstem, or motor cortex. Clinical subtypes are distinguished by the major site of degeneration. In AMYOTROPHIC LATERAL SCLEROSIS there is involvement of upper, lower, and brainstem motor neurons. In progressive muscular atrophy and related syndromes (see MUSCULAR ATROPHY, SPINAL) the motor neurons in the spinal cord are primarily affected. With progressive bulbar palsy (BULBAR PALSY, PROGRESSIVE), the initial degeneration occurs in the brainstem. In primary lateral sclerosis, the cortical neurons are affected in isolation. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1089)	Anterior Horn Cell Disease,Familial Motor Neuron Disease,Lateral Sclerosis,Motor Neuron Disease, Lower,Motor Neuron Disease, Upper,Lower Motor Neuron Disease,Motor Neuron Disease, Familial,Motor Neuron Disease, Secondary,Motor System Disease,Primary Lateral Sclerosis,Secondary Motor Neuron Disease,Upper Motor Neuron Disease,Lateral Scleroses,Lateral Scleroses, Primary,Lateral Sclerosis, Primary,Motor Neuron Diseases,Motor System Diseases,Neuron Disease, Motor,Neuron Diseases, Motor,Primary Lateral Scleroses,Scleroses, Lateral,Scleroses, Primary Lateral,Sclerosis, Lateral,Sclerosis, Primary Lateral
D016756	Immunoglobulins, Intravenous	Immunoglobulin preparations used in intravenous infusion, containing primarily IMMUNOGLOBULIN G. They are used to treat a variety of diseases associated with decreased or abnormal immunoglobulin levels including pediatric AIDS; primary HYPERGAMMAGLOBULINEMIA; SCID; CYTOMEGALOVIRUS infections in transplant recipients, LYMPHOCYTIC LEUKEMIA, CHRONIC; Kawasaki syndrome, infection in neonates, and IDIOPATHIC THROMBOCYTOPENIC PURPURA.	Antibodies, Intravenous,Human Intravenous Immunoglobulin,IV Immunoglobulin,IVIG,Intravenous Antibodies,Intravenous Immunoglobulin,Intravenous Immunoglobulins,Alphaglobin,Endobulin,Flebogamma DIF,Gamimmune,Gamimmune N,Gamimune,Gamimune N,Gammagard,Gammonativ,Gamunex,Globulin-N,IV Immunoglobulins,Immune Globulin Intravenous (Human),Immune Globulin, Intravenous,Immunoglobulins, Intravenous, Human,Intraglobin,Intraglobin F,Intravenous IG,Intravenous Immunoglobulins, Human,Iveegam,Modified Immune Globulin (Anti-Echovirus Antibody),Privigen,Sandoglobulin,Venimmune,Venoglobulin,Venoglobulin-I,Globulin N,Human Intravenous Immunoglobulins,Immunoglobulin, Human Intravenous,Immunoglobulin, IV,Immunoglobulin, Intravenous,Immunoglobulins, Human Intravenous,Immunoglobulins, IV,Intravenous Immune Globulin,Intravenous Immunoglobulin, Human,Venoglobulin I