OBJECTIVE This single center retrospective cohort study was conducted to assess peritonitis rate during 2000 to 2010. METHODS All 103 peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients during January 2000 to December 2010 were recruited in the present study. RESULTS There were 112 episodes ofperitonitis during 5,238 patient-month which was 1 episode ofperitonitis in 46.77 patient-month or 0.257 episode per patient-year. Fifty-eight patients used the previous single bag dialysis solution (both safe lock and spike system). During 2003-2005, 35 (60%) patients who previously used the single bag system were retrained and changed to new double bags connecting system while the remainings were out of program before this system was available in the hospital. After the new double bags connecting systems and automated peritoneal dialysis (APD) were available, 71 and 7 new patients were commenced on double bags system andAPD respectively. The authors found 66 peritonitis during 2,686 months in the group of patients who used single bag solution which was equall to 1 episode of peritonitis in 40.70 patient-months or 0.295 peritonitis per patient-year. In the double bags solution group, there were 45 episodes of peritonitis during 2,722 months which equalled 1 peritonitis in 60.49 patient-months or 0.198 peritonitis per patient-year, while the authors found I episode of peritonitis in 88 patient-month or 0.136 peritonitis per patient-year. In the present study, there were 38 (36.9%) diabetic patients. There were 35 and 77 episodes of peritonitis within 1,141 and 4,355patient-months which means 1 episode of peritonitis every 32.60 and 56.56 months or 0.368 and 0.212 peritonitis perpatient-year in diabetic and non diabetic patients respectively. CONCLUSIONS The authors confirmed that diabetes mellitus was the risk factor of peritonitis in the authors unit. With the new double bags connecting system and APD, peritonitis rate in the authors unit decreased significantly. Peritonitis rate in the authors unit was 0.257 episode per patient-year or 1 episode every 46.77 patient-months which achieved the goal standard.