Interrelationships of dietary sodium, potassium and chloride on growth in young swine. 1990

D I Golz, and T D Crenshaw
Dept. of Meat and Anim. Sci., University of Wisconsin, Madison 53706.

In a preliminary experiment, pigs fed a purified diet gained at the same rate as pigs fed a natural ingredient diet if the purified diet was formulated to provide 150% of the Na, K and Cl requirements. Subsequent experiments were designed to determine the interrelationships of dietary Na, K and Cl. Pigs were fed diets with Na (.03% to .60%), K (.1% to 1.0%) and Cl (.03% to .60%) levels arranged in a three-factor central composite design. Over the range of Na levels, predicted gain increased by .07 kg/d. Within this dietary range no interactions between Na and K or Na and Cl were observed, but changes in growth due to dietary K level were dependent on the dietary Cl level. Using canonical analysis of the response surface, a minimax of the observed K and Cl interaction was calculated to be .57% K and .27% Cl. An imbalance of dietary K and Cl was predicted to depress gain, and an increase in gain was predicted by a 1:1 addition of K and Cl above or below the minimax. The results of a third experiment failed to confirm that additions of K and Cl in a 1:1 ratio above the minimax altered gain (P greater than .10). Experiment 4 confirmed that an imbalance of K and Cl altered growth of pigs. At .1% K, an increase in dietary Cl from .03% to .57% depressed gain by .07 kg/d; at 1.1% K the same increase in dietary Cl improved gain by .16 kg/d (P less than .07). These results suggest that dietary K and Cl levels have an interactive effect on pig growth.

UI MeSH Term Description Entries
D008297 Male Males
D011188 Potassium An element in the alkali group of metals with an atomic symbol K, atomic number 19, and atomic weight 39.10. It is the chief cation in the intracellular fluid of muscle and other cells. Potassium ion is a strong electrolyte that plays a significant role in the regulation of fluid volume and maintenance of the WATER-ELECTROLYTE BALANCE.
D011897 Random Allocation A process involving chance used in therapeutic trials or other research endeavor for allocating experimental subjects, human or animal, between treatment and control groups, or among treatment groups. It may also apply to experiments on inanimate objects. Randomization,Allocation, Random
D012044 Regression Analysis Procedures for finding the mathematical function which best describes the relationship between a dependent variable and one or more independent variables. In linear regression (see LINEAR MODELS) the relationship is constrained to be a straight line and LEAST-SQUARES ANALYSIS is used to determine the best fit. In logistic regression (see LOGISTIC MODELS) the dependent variable is qualitative rather than continuously variable and LIKELIHOOD FUNCTIONS are used to find the best relationship. In multiple regression, the dependent variable is considered to depend on more than a single independent variable. Regression Diagnostics,Statistical Regression,Analysis, Regression,Analyses, Regression,Diagnostics, Regression,Regression Analyses,Regression, Statistical,Regressions, Statistical,Statistical Regressions
D002712 Chlorides Inorganic compounds derived from hydrochloric acid that contain the Cl- ion. Chloride,Chloride Ion Level,Ion Level, Chloride,Level, Chloride Ion
D004032 Diet Regular course of eating and drinking adopted by a person or animal. Diets
D004435 Eating The consumption of edible substances. Dietary Intake,Feed Intake,Food Intake,Macronutrient Intake,Micronutrient Intake,Nutrient Intake,Nutritional Intake,Ingestion,Dietary Intakes,Feed Intakes,Intake, Dietary,Intake, Feed,Intake, Food,Intake, Macronutrient,Intake, Micronutrient,Intake, Nutrient,Intake, Nutritional,Macronutrient Intakes,Micronutrient Intakes,Nutrient Intakes,Nutritional Intakes
D005260 Female Females
D000818 Animals Unicellular or multicellular, heterotrophic organisms, that have sensation and the power of voluntary movement. Under the older five kingdom paradigm, Animalia was one of the kingdoms. Under the modern three domain model, Animalia represents one of the many groups in the domain EUKARYOTA. Animal,Metazoa,Animalia
D012982 Sodium, Dietary Sodium or sodium compounds used in foods or as a food. The most frequently used compounds are sodium chloride or sodium glutamate. Dietary Sodium

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