Biomaterial Database

[Bactericidal effects of chlorine dioxide by respiratory inhibition]. 2011

Mingken Wei, and Changxiu Li, and Jieling Lai

College of Life Science and Technology, Yulin Normal University, Yulin 537000, China. weimingken@sina.com

OBJECTIVE Chlorine dioxide (ClO2) is a highly effective disinfectant for food and potable water treatment. However, knowledge on its action mechanism remains unexplored. The present study aims to determine the role of respiratory inhibition in the bactericidal effects of ClO2. METHODS Transmission electron microscopy was used to observe the ultra structural alteration of the mitochondrion. Fluorescence-based flow cytometry analysis was employed to determine the disruption of mitochondrion membrane potential. Respiratory inhibition was detected by measuring the oxygen consumption. The results obtained were compared with those of plate counting. RESULTS No visible physiological alteration in the shapes and structures of the mitochondria was found. The rate of collapse in mitochondrial membrane potential increased with the death rate, but the respiratory inhibition rates were always significantly lower than the death rates. The death rates detected by the aerobic and anaerobic methods did not differ significantly. CONCLUSIONS ClO2-induced damages to the mitochondria were positive correlated with the death rates, but respiratory inhibition was not the primary target site for cell killing.

UI	MeSH Term	Description	Entries
D008928	Mitochondria	Semiautonomous, self-reproducing organelles that occur in the cytoplasm of all cells of most, but not all, eukaryotes. Each mitochondrion is surrounded by a double limiting membrane. The inner membrane is highly invaginated, and its projections are called cristae. Mitochondria are the sites of the reactions of oxidative phosphorylation, which result in the formation of ATP. They contain distinctive RIBOSOMES, transfer RNAs (RNA, TRANSFER); AMINO ACYL T RNA SYNTHETASES; and elongation and termination factors. Mitochondria depend upon genes within the nucleus of the cells in which they reside for many essential messenger RNAs (RNA, MESSENGER). Mitochondria are believed to have arisen from aerobic bacteria that established a symbiotic relationship with primitive protoeukaryotes. (King & Stansfield, A Dictionary of Genetics, 4th ed)	Mitochondrial Contraction,Mitochondrion,Contraction, Mitochondrial,Contractions, Mitochondrial,Mitochondrial Contractions
D010087	Oxides	Binary compounds of oxygen containing the anion O(2-). The anion combines with metals to form alkaline oxides and non-metals to form acidic oxides.	Oxide
D010101	Oxygen Consumption	The rate at which oxygen is used by a tissue; microliters of oxygen STPD used per milligram of tissue per hour; the rate at which oxygen enters the blood from alveolar gas, equal in the steady state to the consumption of oxygen by tissue metabolism throughout the body. (Stedman, 25th ed, p346)	Consumption, Oxygen,Consumptions, Oxygen,Oxygen Consumptions
D002176	Candida albicans	A unicellular budding fungus which is the principal pathogenic species causing CANDIDIASIS (moniliasis).	Candida albicans var. stellatoidea,Candida stellatoidea,Dematium albicans,Monilia albicans,Myceloblastanon albicans,Mycotorula albicans,Parasaccharomyces albicans,Procandida albicans,Procandida stellatoidea,Saccharomyces albicans,Syringospora albicans
D004202	Disinfectants	Substances used on inanimate objects that destroy harmful microorganisms or inhibit their activity. Disinfectants are classed as complete, destroying SPORES as well as vegetative forms of microorganisms, or incomplete, destroying only vegetative forms of the organisms. They are distinguished from ANTISEPTICS, which are local anti-infective agents used on humans and other animals. (From Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, 11th ed)	Biocide,Disinfectant,Biocides
D001419	Bacteria	One of the three domains of life (the others being Eukarya and ARCHAEA), also called Eubacteria. They are unicellular prokaryotic microorganisms which generally possess rigid cell walls, multiply by cell division, and exhibit three principal forms: round or coccal, rodlike or bacillary, and spiral or spirochetal. Bacteria can be classified by their response to OXYGEN: aerobic, anaerobic, or facultatively anaerobic; by the mode by which they obtain their energy: chemotrophy (via chemical reaction) or PHOTOTROPHY (via light reaction); for chemotrophs by their source of chemical energy: CHEMOLITHOTROPHY (from inorganic compounds) or chemoorganotrophy (from organic compounds); and by their source for CARBON; NITROGEN; etc.; HETEROTROPHY (from organic sources) or AUTOTROPHY (from CARBON DIOXIDE). They can also be classified by whether or not they stain (based on the structure of their CELL WALLS) with CRYSTAL VIOLET dye: gram-negative or gram-positive.	Eubacteria
D017606	Chlorine Compounds	Inorganic compounds that contain chlorine as an integral part of the molecule.	Chlorine Compounds, Inorganic,Compounds, Chlorine,Compounds, Inorganic Chlorine,Inorganic Chlorine Compounds
D053078	Membrane Potential, Mitochondrial	The voltage difference, normally maintained at approximately -180mV, across the INNER MITOCHONDRIAL MEMBRANE, by a net movement of positive charge across the membrane. It is a major component of the PROTON MOTIVE FORCE in MITOCHONDRIA used to drive the synthesis of ATP.	Delta Psi M,DeltaPsi M,DeltapsiM,Mitochondrial Membrane Potential,Mitochondrial Transmembrane Potential,M, DeltaPsi,Membrane Potentials, Mitochondrial,Mitochondrial Membrane Potentials,Mitochondrial Transmembrane Potentials,Transmembrane Potential, Mitochondrial,Transmembrane Potentials, Mitochondrial