Three-dimensional echocardiographic characterization of patients with left ventricular noncompaction. 2012

Stefano Caselli, and Camillo Autore, and Andrea Serdoz, and Daria Santini, and Maria Beatrice Musumeci, and Antonio Pelliccia, and Luciano Agati
Institute of Sports Medicine and Science, Rome, Italy. stefanocasellimd@gmail.com

BACKGROUND Despite several efforts using two-dimensional echocardiography and cardiac magnetic resonance in the diagnosis of left ventricular noncompaction (LVNC), there are no universally accepted diagnostic criteria. The aim of this study was to describe the extent of noncompacted myocardium using a new three-dimensional echocardiographic parameter. METHODS Seventeen patients with diagnoses of LVNC on the basis of two-dimensional echocardiographic and clinical criteria, 26 Olympic rowing athletes, and 49 healthy volunteers underwent three-dimensional echocardiography. By offline analysis, left ventricular volumes, mass, ejection fraction, and sphericity index were calculated. Trabeculated left ventricular volume (TLV) was calculated as the difference between left ventricular end-diastolic volume obtained including and excluding the trabeculae in the cavity contour. TLV was also normalized by left ventricular end-diastolic volume (TLV%). RESULTS TLV and TLV% were significantly higher in patients with LVNC (33.7 ± 10.9 mL and 24 ± 7%) as opposed to controls (7.1 ± 2.2 mL, P < .001, and 6 ± 2%, P < .001, respectively) and athletes (8.0 ± 3.0 mL, P < .001, and 5 ± 2%, P < .001, respectively). In detail, on receiver operating characteristic curve analysis, optimal cutoff values of 15.8 mL for TLV and 12.8% for TLV% were determined for the identification of LVNC (area under the curve, 1.00; P < .001). Mild positive correlations of TLV and TLV% were found with sphericity index (r = 0.294, P = .004, and r = 0.301, P = .004, respectively), and mild negative correlations were found with ejection fraction (r = -0.454, P < .001, and r = -0.217, P = .038, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Because of high spatial resolution and accuracy in volumetric quantification, three-dimensional echocardiography allows accurate measurement of the extent of noncompacted myocardium and identification of patients with LVNC.

UI MeSH Term Description Entries
D008297 Male Males
D005260 Female Females
D006801 Humans Members of the species Homo sapiens. Homo sapiens,Man (Taxonomy),Human,Man, Modern,Modern Man
D000328 Adult A person having attained full growth or maturity. Adults are of 19 through 44 years of age. For a person between 19 and 24 years of age, YOUNG ADULT is available. Adults
D012680 Sensitivity and Specificity Binary classification measures to assess test results. Sensitivity or recall rate is the proportion of true positives. Specificity is the probability of correctly determining the absence of a condition. (From Last, Dictionary of Epidemiology, 2d ed) Specificity,Sensitivity,Specificity and Sensitivity
D015203 Reproducibility of Results The statistical reproducibility of measurements (often in a clinical context), including the testing of instrumentation or techniques to obtain reproducible results. The concept includes reproducibility of physiological measurements, which may be used to develop rules to assess probability or prognosis, or response to a stimulus; reproducibility of occurrence of a condition; and reproducibility of experimental results. Reliability and Validity,Reliability of Result,Reproducibility Of Result,Reproducibility of Finding,Validity of Result,Validity of Results,Face Validity,Reliability (Epidemiology),Reliability of Results,Reproducibility of Findings,Test-Retest Reliability,Validity (Epidemiology),Finding Reproducibilities,Finding Reproducibility,Of Result, Reproducibility,Of Results, Reproducibility,Reliabilities, Test-Retest,Reliability, Test-Retest,Result Reliabilities,Result Reliability,Result Validities,Result Validity,Result, Reproducibility Of,Results, Reproducibility Of,Test Retest Reliability,Validity and Reliability,Validity, Face
D056830 Isolated Noncompaction of the Ventricular Myocardium Rare congenital cardiomyopathies characterized by the lack of left ventricular myocardium compaction. The noncompaction results in numerous prominent trabeculations and a loose myocardial meshwork (spongy myocardium) in the LEFT VENTRICLE. Heterogeneous clinical features include diminished systolic function sometimes associated with left ventricular dilation, that presents either neonatally or progressively. Often, the RIGHT VENTRICLE is also affected. CONGESTIVE HEART FAILURE; PULMONARY EMBOLISM; and ventricular ARRHYTHMIA are commonly seen. Isolated Non-compaction of the Ventricular Myocardium,Isolated Noncompaction of the Left Ventricular Myocardium, X-Linked,Noncompaction of the Left Ventricular Myocardium, Autosomal Dominant
D018487 Ventricular Dysfunction, Left A condition in which the LEFT VENTRICLE of the heart was functionally impaired. This condition usually leads to HEART FAILURE; MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION; and other cardiovascular complications. Diagnosis is made by measuring the diminished ejection fraction and a depressed level of motility of the left ventricular wall. LV Diastolic Dysfunction,LV Dysfunction,LV Systolic Dysfunction,Left Ventricular Diastolic Dysfunction,Left Ventricular Dysfunction,Left Ventricular Systolic Dysfunction,Diastolic Dysfunction, LV,Dysfunction, LV,Dysfunction, LV Diastolic,Dysfunction, LV Systolic,Dysfunction, Left Ventricular,LV Diastolic Dysfunctions,LV Dysfunctions,LV Systolic Dysfunctions,Left Ventricular Dysfunctions,Systolic Dysfunction, LV
D019560 Echocardiography, Three-Dimensional Echocardiography amplified by the addition of depth to the conventional two-dimensional ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY visualizing only the length and width of the heart. Three-dimensional ultrasound imaging was first described in 1961 but its application to echocardiography did not take place until 1974. (Mayo Clin Proc 1993;68:221-40) 3-D Echocardiography,3D Echocardiography,Echocardiography, 3-D,Echocardiography, 3D,Three-Dimensional Echocardiography,3 D Echocardiography,3-D Echocardiographies,3D Echocardiographies,Echocardiographies, 3-D,Echocardiographies, 3D,Echocardiographies, Three-Dimensional,Echocardiography, 3 D,Echocardiography, Three Dimensional,Three Dimensional Echocardiography,Three-Dimensional Echocardiographies

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