Biomaterial Database

[Improvement of prostheses and orthotic aids for the handicapped using electric stimulation and the registration of bioelectric signals]. 1990

R B Stein, and C Capaday

Département de physiologie, faculté de médecine, Université d'Alberta.

Electro-mechanical devices can help a variety of patients with motor disabilities. Surface EMG from remaining muscles in an amputated arm can be used to control powered electronic hands, wrists and elbows. Sensory signals such as knee angle and ankle torque can be used to control the visco-elastic properties of a knee joint for above-knee amputees. Finally, percutaneous electrodes can be used to stimulate paralyzed muscles to replace hand function in quadriplegics and leg function in paraplegics. This article summarizes recent progress in each of these areas.

UI	MeSH Term	Description	Entries
D009989	Orthotic Devices	Apparatus used to support, align, or augment the functioning of parts of the body.	Orthoses,Orthosis,Parapodium,Device, Orthotic,Devices, Orthotic,Orthose,Orthotic Device,Parapodiums
D010243	Paralysis	A general term most often used to describe severe or complete loss of muscle strength due to motor system disease from the level of the cerebral cortex to the muscle fiber. This term may also occasionally refer to a loss of sensory function. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p45)	Palsy,Plegia,Todd Paralysis,Todd's Paralysis,Palsies,Paralyses,Paralysis, Todd,Paralysis, Todd's,Plegias,Todds Paralysis
D011474	Prosthesis Design	The plan and delineation of prostheses in general or a specific prosthesis.	Design, Prosthesis,Designs, Prosthesis,Prosthesis Designs
D004582	Electronics, Medical	The research and development of ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT AND SUPPLIES for such medical applications as diagnosis, therapy, research, anesthesia control, cardiac control, and surgery. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 6th ed)	Medical Electronics
D004599	Electric Stimulation Therapy	Application of electric current in treatment without the generation of perceptible heat. It includes electric stimulation of nerves or muscles, passage of current into the body, or use of interrupted current of low intensity to raise the detection threshold of the skin to pain.	Electrotherapy,Electrical Stimulation Therapy,Interferential Current Electrotherapy,Therapeutic Electric Stimulation,Therapeutic Electrical Stimulation,Therapy, Electric Stimulation,Electric Stimulation, Therapeutic,Electrical Stimulation, Therapeutic,Electrotherapy, Interferential Current,Stimulation Therapy, Electric,Stimulation Therapy, Electrical,Stimulation, Therapeutic Electric,Stimulation, Therapeutic Electrical,Therapy, Electrical Stimulation
D004867	Equipment Design	Methods and patterns of fabricating machines and related hardware.	Design, Equipment,Device Design,Medical Device Design,Design, Medical Device,Designs, Medical Device,Device Design, Medical,Device Designs, Medical,Medical Device Designs,Design, Device,Designs, Device,Designs, Equipment,Device Designs,Equipment Designs
D006801	Humans	Members of the species Homo sapiens.	Homo sapiens,Man (Taxonomy),Human,Man, Modern,Modern Man
D001186	Artificial Limbs	Prosthetic replacements for arms, legs, and parts thereof.	Arm Prosthesis,Arm, Artificial,Artificial Arm,Artificial Leg,Extremities, Artificial,Leg Prosthesis,Leg, Artificial,Limb Prosthesis,Limbs, Artificial,Arm Prostheses,Arms, Artificial,Artificial Arms,Artificial Extremities,Artificial Extremity,Artificial Legs,Artificial Limb,Extremity, Artificial,Leg Prostheses,Legs, Artificial,Limb Prostheses,Limb, Artificial,Prostheses, Arm,Prostheses, Leg,Prostheses, Limb,Prosthesis, Arm,Prosthesis, Leg,Prosthesis, Limb
D001698	Biomedical Engineering	Application of principles and practices of engineering science to biomedical research and health care.	Clinical Engineering,Engineering, Clinical,Engineering, Biomedical
D019736	Prostheses and Implants	Artificial substitutes for body parts, and materials inserted into tissue for functional, cosmetic, or therapeutic purposes. Prostheses can be functional, as in the case of artificial arms and legs, or cosmetic, as in the case of an artificial eye. Implants, all surgically inserted or grafted into the body, tend to be used therapeutically. IMPLANTS, EXPERIMENTAL is available for those used experimentally.	Implants, Artificial,Prostheses and Implant,Prosthesis,Prosthetic Implant,Endoprostheses,Endoprosthesis,Prostheses,Prosthetic Implants,Artificial Implant,Artificial Implants,Implant and Prostheses,Implant, Artificial,Implant, Prosthetic,Implants and Prostheses,Implants, Prosthetic