Biomaterial Database

Gonadal transactivation of STARD1, CYP11A1 and HSD3B. 2012

Steven R King, and Holly A LaVoie

Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA.

The steroidogenic acute regulatory protein, cytochrome P450 cholesterol side-chain cleavage enzyme and specific 3beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase/delta5-delta4 isomerases initiate the essential process of steroidogenesis in the gonads. Testicular and ovarian expression of their respective genes, STARD1, CYP11A1 and gonadal HSD3B, is primarily controlled by gonadotropins with contributions by various growth factors. Gonadotropins through their receptors switch on cyclic AMP signaling pathways that recruit NR5A, GATA and often CREB, NR4A, or Sp1 transcription factors to regulatory regions of each gene's promoter to elicit transcription. The specific combination of transcription factors involved depends on the cellular context. In this review, we summarize current understanding of the factors that control transactivation of the STARD1, CYP11A1 and gonadal HSD3B genes in Leydig cells in the testis and the theca, differentiating granulosa and luteal cells in the ovary.

UI	MeSH Term	Description	Entries
D007985	Leydig Cells	Steroid-producing cells in the interstitial tissue of the TESTIS. They are under the regulation of PITUITARY HORMONES; LUTEINIZING HORMONE; or interstitial cell-stimulating hormone. TESTOSTERONE is the major androgen (ANDROGENS) produced.	Interstitial Cells, Testicular,Leydig Cell,Testicular Interstitial Cell,Testicular Interstitial Cells,Cell, Leydig,Cell, Testicular Interstitial,Cells, Leydig,Cells, Testicular Interstitial,Interstitial Cell, Testicular
D008184	Luteal Cells	PROGESTERONE-producing cells in the CORPUS LUTEUM. The large luteal cells derive from the GRANULOSA CELLS. The small luteal cells derive from the THECA CELLS.	Lutein Cells,Granulosa-Luteal Cells,Granulosa-Lutein Cells,Large Luteal Cells,Small Luteal Cells,Theca-Luteal cells,Theca-Lutein Cells,Cell, Granulosa-Luteal,Cell, Granulosa-Lutein,Cell, Large Luteal,Cell, Luteal,Cell, Lutein,Cell, Small Luteal,Cell, Theca-Lutein,Cells, Granulosa-Luteal,Cells, Granulosa-Lutein,Cells, Large Luteal,Cells, Luteal,Cells, Lutein,Cells, Small Luteal,Cells, Theca-Lutein,Granulosa Luteal Cells,Granulosa Lutein Cells,Granulosa-Luteal Cell,Granulosa-Lutein Cell,Large Luteal Cell,Luteal Cell,Luteal Cell, Large,Luteal Cell, Small,Luteal Cells, Large,Luteal Cells, Small,Lutein Cell,Small Luteal Cell,Theca Luteal cells,Theca Lutein Cells,Theca-Luteal cell,Theca-Lutein Cell,cell, Theca-Luteal,cells, Theca-Luteal
D008297	Male		Males
D009097	Multienzyme Complexes	Systems of enzymes which function sequentially by catalyzing consecutive reactions linked by common metabolic intermediates. They may involve simply a transfer of water molecules or hydrogen atoms and may be associated with large supramolecular structures such as MITOCHONDRIA or RIBOSOMES.	Complexes, Multienzyme
D010053	Ovary	The reproductive organ (GONADS) in female animals. In vertebrates, the ovary contains two functional parts: the OVARIAN FOLLICLE for the production of female germ cells (OOGENESIS); and the endocrine cells (GRANULOSA CELLS; THECA CELLS; and LUTEAL CELLS) for the production of ESTROGENS and PROGESTERONE.	Ovaries
D010750	Phosphoproteins		Phosphoprotein
D011375	Progesterone Reductase	An enzyme that catalyzes the reduction of a 3 beta-hydroxy-delta(5)-steroid to 3-oxo-delta(4)-steroid in the presence of NAD. It converts pregnenolone to progesterone and dehydroepiandrosterone to androstenedione. EC 1.1.1.145.	3 beta-Hydroxy-delta-5-Steroid Dehydrogenase,5-Ene-3 beta-hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase,Steroid delta(5)-3 beta-ol Dehydrogenase,3 beta Hydroxy delta 5 Steroid Dehydrogenase,5 Ene 3 beta hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase,Dehydrogenase, 3 beta-Hydroxy-delta-5-Steroid,Dehydrogenase, 5-Ene-3 beta-hydroxysteroid,Reductase, Progesterone
D002786	Cholesterol Side-Chain Cleavage Enzyme	A mitochondrial cytochrome P450 enzyme that catalyzes the side-chain cleavage of C27 cholesterol to C21 pregnenolone in the presence of molecular oxygen and NADPH-FERRIHEMOPROTEIN REDUCTASE. This enzyme, encoded by CYP11A1 gene, catalyzes the breakage between C20 and C22 which is the initial and rate-limiting step in the biosynthesis of various gonadal and adrenal steroid hormones.	CYP11A1,Cholesterol Desmolase,Cholesterol Monooxygenase (Side-Chain-Cleaving),Cytochrome P-450 CYP11A1,Cytochrome P-450(scc),20,22-Desmolase,CYP 11A1,Cytochrome P450 11A1,Cytochrome P450scc,20,22 Desmolase,Cholesterol Side Chain Cleavage Enzyme,Cytochrome P 450 CYP11A1
D005260	Female		Females
D006107	Granulosa Cells	Supporting cells for the developing female gamete in the OVARY. They are derived from the coelomic epithelial cells of the gonadal ridge. Granulosa cells form a single layer around the OOCYTE in the primordial ovarian follicle and advance to form a multilayered cumulus oophorus surrounding the OVUM in the Graafian follicle. The major functions of granulosa cells include the production of steroids and LH receptors (RECEPTORS, LH).	Cell, Granulosa,Cells, Granulosa,Granulosa Cell