Biomaterial Database

Immune and non-immune functions of the immunoproteasome. 2012

Arkhjamil Angeles, and Gabriel Fung, and Honglin Luo

UBC James Hogg iCAPTURE Centre, Institute for Heart and Lung Health, St. Paul's Hospital, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.

The biological importance of the ubiquitin-proteasome system in the control of myriad cellular processes has been well-recognized; however, the pathophysiological significance of the immunoproteasome, the inducible form of the proteasome, has not been well-comprehended until lately. The primary function of the immunoproteasome was originally believed to improve MHC-I antigen presentation. It now becomes evident that the immunoproteasome possesses broader biological functions. It regulates proinflammatory cytokine production, and T cell differentiation and proliferation. Alongside immune functions, the immunoproteasome has been demonstrated to relieve oxidative stress by the efficient turnover of oxidatively-damaged proteins and by allaying the formation of harmful protein aggregates. Furthermore, it has been implicated to regulate tumor cell growth and control muscle mass. Finally, the immunoproteasome has recently drawn considerable attention as a potential novel therapeutic target for cancer and autoimmune disease. This review will give an overview of the structure and function of the immunoproteasome, highlight its functional diversity in both immune and non-immune responses, and discuss the relationship between the dysregulation of the immunoproteasome and the development of several human diseases.

UI	MeSH Term	Description	Entries
D004194	Disease	A definite pathologic process with a characteristic set of signs and symptoms. It may affect the whole body or any of its parts, and its etiology, pathology, and prognosis may be known or unknown.	Diseases
D006801	Humans	Members of the species Homo sapiens.	Homo sapiens,Man (Taxonomy),Human,Man, Modern,Modern Man
D046988	Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex	A large multisubunit complex that plays an important role in the degradation of most of the cytosolic and nuclear proteins in eukaryotic cells. It contains a 700-kDa catalytic sub-complex and two 700-kDa regulatory sub-complexes. The complex digests ubiquitinated proteins and protein activated via ornithine decarboxylase antizyme.	20S Proteasome,Ingensin,Macropain,Macroxyproteinase,Multicatalytic Endopeptidase Complex,Multicatalytic Proteinase,Prosome,Proteasome,Complex, Multicatalytic Endopeptidase,Complex, Proteasome Endopeptidase,Endopeptidase Complex, Multicatalytic,Endopeptidase Complex, Proteasome,Proteasome, 20S,Proteinase, Multicatalytic
D018384	Oxidative Stress	A disturbance in the prooxidant-antioxidant balance in favor of the former, leading to potential damage. Indicators of oxidative stress include damaged DNA bases, protein oxidation products, and lipid peroxidation products (Sies, Oxidative Stress, 1991, pxv-xvi).	Anti-oxidative Stress,Antioxidative Stress,DNA Oxidative Damage,Nitro-Oxidative Stress,Oxidative Cleavage,Oxidative DNA Damage,Oxidative Damage,Oxidative Injury,Oxidative Nitrative Stress,Oxidative Stress Injury,Oxidative and Nitrosative Stress,Stress, Oxidative,Anti oxidative Stress,Anti-oxidative Stresses,Antioxidative Stresses,Cleavage, Oxidative,DNA Damage, Oxidative,DNA Oxidative Damages,Damage, DNA Oxidative,Damage, Oxidative,Damage, Oxidative DNA,Injury, Oxidative,Injury, Oxidative Stress,Nitrative Stress, Oxidative,Nitro Oxidative Stress,Nitro-Oxidative Stresses,Oxidative Cleavages,Oxidative DNA Damages,Oxidative Damage, DNA,Oxidative Damages,Oxidative Injuries,Oxidative Nitrative Stresses,Oxidative Stress Injuries,Oxidative Stresses,Stress Injury, Oxidative,Stress, Anti-oxidative,Stress, Antioxidative,Stress, Nitro-Oxidative,Stress, Oxidative Nitrative,Stresses, Nitro-Oxidative