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The hyperlipoproteinaemia accompanying chronic renal failure and renal transplantation has been re-examined in terms of the apoprotein (apo A and apo B) moieties of the high density (HDL) and low density (LDL) lipoproteins. Hypertriglyceridaemia is prevalent in chronic uraemia and is not corrected by haemodialysis or renal transplantation. Hypercholesterolaemia is characteristic only of renal allograft recipients. Apo A levels are reduced in undialyzed uraemic and remain low during haemodialysis, as well as in patients with renal allografts of less than six months duration. In renal transplant recipients of greater than one year duration, apo A levels are normalized. The normalization of apo A level is related to the stability of graft function, as determined by sequential analysis of 15 renal transplant recipients. Apo B levels are normal transplant recipients. Apo B levels are normal in uraemic and dialyzed patients, but are elevated in long term transplant recipients. Unlike apo A levels, this alteration does not appear to reflect the restoration of kidney function.
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