Biomaterial Database

The use of short-term tests in detecting carcinogenicity of complex mixtures. 1990

D Anderson

BIBRA, Carshalton, Surrey, UK.

Since it is not feasible to test all substances in long-term animal studies, short-term tests for DNA damage, gene mutation, aneuploidy, chromosomal damage and cell transformation performed in prokaryotes and eukaryotes in vitro and in vivo are used to test pure chemicals and mixtures. Understanding the contribution of mutagens in air, water and food is important to our way of life; methods of sampling and testing such mutagens are discussed in this review.

UI	MeSH Term	Description	Entries
D002274	Carcinogens, Environmental	Carcinogenic substances that are found in the environment.	Environmental Carcinogens
D004784	Environmental Monitoring	The monitoring of the level of toxins, chemical pollutants, microbial contaminants, or other harmful substances in the environment (soil, air, and water), workplace, or in the bodies of people and animals present in that environment.	Monitoring, Environmental,Environmental Surveillance,Surveillance, Environmental
D005506	Food Contamination	The presence in food of harmful, unpalatable, or otherwise objectionable foreign substances, e.g. chemicals, microorganisms or diluents, before, during, or after processing or storage.	Food Adulteration,Adulteration, Food,Adulterations, Food,Contamination, Food,Contaminations, Food,Food Adulterations,Food Contaminations
D000393	Air Pollutants	Any substance in the air which could, if present in high enough concentration, harm humans, animals, vegetation or materials. Substances include GASES; PARTICULATE MATTER; and volatile ORGANIC CHEMICALS.	Air Pollutant,Air Pollutants, Environmental,Environmental Air Pollutants,Environmental Pollutants, Air,Air Environmental Pollutants,Pollutant, Air,Pollutants, Air,Pollutants, Air Environmental,Pollutants, Environmental Air
D000818	Animals	Unicellular or multicellular, heterotrophic organisms, that have sensation and the power of voluntary movement. Under the older five kingdom paradigm, Animalia was one of the kingdoms. Under the modern three domain model, Animalia represents one of the many groups in the domain EUKARYOTA.	Animal,Metazoa,Animalia
D014874	Water Pollutants, Chemical	Chemical compounds which pollute the water of rivers, streams, lakes, the sea, reservoirs, or other bodies of water.	Chemical Water Pollutants,Landfill Leachate,Leachate, Landfill,Pollutants, Chemical Water
D015197	Carcinogenicity Tests	Tests to experimentally measure the tumor-producing/cancer cell-producing potency of an agent by administering the agent (e.g., benzanthracenes) and observing the quantity of tumors or the cell transformation developed over a given period of time. The carcinogenicity value is usually measured as milligrams of agent administered per tumor developed. Though this test differs from the DNA-repair and bacterial microsome MUTAGENICITY TESTS, researchers often attempt to correlate the finding of carcinogenicity values and mutagenicity values.	Tumorigenicity Tests,Carcinogen Tests,Carcinogenesis Tests,Carcinogenic Activity Tests,Carcinogenic Potency Tests,Carcinogen Test,Carcinogenesis Test,Carcinogenic Activity Test,Carcinogenic Potency Test,Carcinogenicity Test,Potency Test, Carcinogenic,Potency Tests, Carcinogenic,Test, Carcinogen,Test, Carcinogenesis,Test, Carcinogenic Activity,Test, Carcinogenic Potency,Test, Carcinogenicity,Test, Tumorigenicity,Tests, Carcinogen,Tests, Carcinogenesis,Tests, Carcinogenic Activity,Tests, Carcinogenic Potency,Tests, Carcinogenicity,Tests, Tumorigenicity,Tumorigenicity Test