NNT, number needed to treat: does it have any real value? 2012

A Pines, and S Shapiro, and S Suissa
Department of Medicine T, Ichilov Medical Center, 6 Weizman Street, Tel-Aviv, Israel.

Clinical trials usually use the relative risk (rate ratio or hazard ratio) to compare the effects of one treatment modality with others. However, the numbers needed to treat/harm (NNT/NNH) are sometimes used as another way of presenting an estimate of the effect of a medical intervention, pointing at the number of patients needed to be exposed over a certain period of time in order to achieve one beneficial or adverse event. For clinicians and patients, this is a very simple and clear tool to demonstrate the consequences of a specific intervention. Epidemiologists and statisticians are more cautious with interpretations of data of that sort. This article brings the relevant perspectives of a clinician, an epidemiologist and a statistician in regard to the value of NNT/NNH.

UI MeSH Term Description Entries
D008593 Menopause The last menstrual period. Permanent cessation of menses (MENSTRUATION) is usually defined after 6 to 12 months of AMENORRHEA in a woman over 45 years of age. In the United States, menopause generally occurs in women between 48 and 55 years of age. Change of Life, Female
D004813 Epidemiology Field concerned with the determination of causes, incidence, and characteristic behavior of disease outbreaks affecting human populations. It includes the interrelationships of host, agent, and environment as related to the distribution and control of disease. Social Epidemiology,Epidemiologies, Social,Epidemiology, Social,Social Epidemiologies
D006801 Humans Members of the species Homo sapiens. Homo sapiens,Man (Taxonomy),Human,Man, Modern,Modern Man
D013223 Statistics as Topic Works about the science and art of collecting, summarizing, and analyzing data that are subject to random variation. Area Analysis,Estimation Technics,Estimation Techniques,Indirect Estimation Technics,Indirect Estimation Techniques,Multiple Classification Analysis,Service Statistics,Statistical Study,Statistics, Service,Tables and Charts as Topic,Analyses, Area,Analyses, Multiple Classification,Area Analyses,Classification Analyses, Multiple,Classification Analysis, Multiple,Estimation Technic, Indirect,Estimation Technics, Indirect,Estimation Technique,Estimation Technique, Indirect,Estimation Techniques, Indirect,Indirect Estimation Technic,Indirect Estimation Technique,Multiple Classification Analyses,Statistical Studies,Studies, Statistical,Study, Statistical,Technic, Indirect Estimation,Technics, Estimation,Technics, Indirect Estimation,Technique, Estimation,Technique, Indirect Estimation,Techniques, Estimation,Techniques, Indirect Estimation
D061366 Numbers Needed To Treat Number of patients who need to be treated in order to prevent one additional bad outcome. It is the inverse of Absolute Risk Reduction. Absolute Risk Reduction,Absolute Risk Reductions,Reduction, Absolute Risk,Reductions, Absolute Risk,Risk Reduction, Absolute,Risk Reductions, Absolute

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