Biomaterial Database

Do microRNAs regulate bone marrow stem cell niche physiology? 2012

S K Laine, and T Hentunen, and T Laitala-Leinonen

Skeletal Biology Consortium, Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland. salla.laine@utu.fi

The adult bone marrow, situated within the bone cavity, comprises three distinct stem cell populations: hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (MSCs) and endothelial progenitor/stem cells (EPCs). HSCs are a well-characterized population of self-renewing cells that give rise to all blood cells. The definition of MSCs is more complex due to the limited understanding of MSC properties. In general, MSCs are considered multipotent stromal cells that are able to differentiate into various cell types, including osteoblasts, chondrocytes and adipocytes. Compared to HSCs and MSCs, EPCs are a newly discovered population of stem/progenitor cells with the capacity to differentiate into endothelial cells, the cells forming the inner lining of a blood vessel. Although functionally different, HSCs, MSCs and EPCs, like stem cells in general, share the ability to self-renew and differentiate into one or more cell types. The homeostasis inside the bone marrow and within the entire body is sustained by an intricate network of growth factors and transcription factors that orchestrate the proliferation and differentiation of these multipotent stem/progenitor cells. Increasing evidence indicates that microRNAs (miRNAs), small non-coding RNAs, are among the key players of this concert. This review summarizes the current insights into miRNA-mediated regulation of bone marrow stem/progenitor cell maintenance and differentiation. Furthermore, the potential contribution of miRNAs in bone marrow stem cell niches is discussed.

UI	MeSH Term	Description	Entries
D001854	Bone Marrow Cells	Cells contained in the bone marrow including fat cells (see ADIPOCYTES); STROMAL CELLS; MEGAKARYOCYTES; and the immediate precursors of most blood cells.	Bone Marrow Cell,Cell, Bone Marrow,Cells, Bone Marrow,Marrow Cell, Bone,Marrow Cells, Bone
D002454	Cell Differentiation	Progressive restriction of the developmental potential and increasing specialization of function that leads to the formation of specialized cells, tissues, and organs.	Differentiation, Cell,Cell Differentiations,Differentiations, Cell
D006412	Hematopoietic Stem Cells	Progenitor cells from which all blood cells derived. They are found primarily in the bone marrow and also in small numbers in the peripheral blood.	Colony-Forming Units, Hematopoietic,Progenitor Cells, Hematopoietic,Stem Cells, Hematopoietic,Hematopoietic Progenitor Cells,Cell, Hematopoietic Progenitor,Cell, Hematopoietic Stem,Cells, Hematopoietic Progenitor,Cells, Hematopoietic Stem,Colony Forming Units, Hematopoietic,Colony-Forming Unit, Hematopoietic,Hematopoietic Colony-Forming Unit,Hematopoietic Colony-Forming Units,Hematopoietic Progenitor Cell,Hematopoietic Stem Cell,Progenitor Cell, Hematopoietic,Stem Cell, Hematopoietic,Unit, Hematopoietic Colony-Forming,Units, Hematopoietic Colony-Forming
D006801	Humans	Members of the species Homo sapiens.	Homo sapiens,Man (Taxonomy),Human,Man, Modern,Modern Man
D013234	Stem Cells	Relatively undifferentiated cells that retain the ability to divide and proliferate throughout postnatal life to provide progenitor cells that can differentiate into specialized cells.	Colony-Forming Units,Mother Cells,Progenitor Cells,Colony-Forming Unit,Cell, Mother,Cell, Progenitor,Cell, Stem,Cells, Mother,Cells, Progenitor,Cells, Stem,Colony Forming Unit,Colony Forming Units,Mother Cell,Progenitor Cell,Stem Cell
D042783	Endothelial Cells	Highly specialized EPITHELIAL CELLS that line the HEART; BLOOD VESSELS; and lymph vessels, forming the ENDOTHELIUM. They are polygonal in shape and joined together by TIGHT JUNCTIONS. The tight junctions allow for variable permeability to specific macromolecules that are transported across the endothelial layer.	Capillary Endothelial Cells,Lymphatic Endothelial Cells,Vascular Endothelial Cells,Capillary Endothelial Cell,Cell, Capillary Endothelial,Cell, Endothelial,Cell, Lymphatic Endothelial,Cell, Vascular Endothelial,Cells, Capillary Endothelial,Cells, Endothelial,Cells, Lymphatic Endothelial,Cells, Vascular Endothelial,Endothelial Cell,Endothelial Cell, Capillary,Endothelial Cell, Lymphatic,Endothelial Cell, Vascular,Endothelial Cells, Capillary,Endothelial Cells, Lymphatic,Endothelial Cells, Vascular,Lymphatic Endothelial Cell,Vascular Endothelial Cell
D055153	Stem Cell Niche	A particular zone of tissue composed of a specialized microenvironment where stem cells are retained in a undifferentiated, self-renewable state.	Stem Cell Microenvironment,Cell Microenvironment, Stem,Cell Microenvironments, Stem,Cell Niche, Stem,Cell Niches, Stem,Microenvironment, Stem Cell,Microenvironments, Stem Cell,Niche, Stem Cell,Niches, Stem Cell,Stem Cell Microenvironments,Stem Cell Niches
D059630	Mesenchymal Stem Cells	Mesenchymal stem cells, also referred to as multipotent stromal cells or mesenchymal stromal cells are multipotent, non-hematopoietic adult stem cells that are present in multiple tissues, including BONE MARROW; ADIPOSE TISSUE; and WHARTON JELLY. Mesenchymal stem cells can differentiate into mesodermal lineages, such as adipocytic, osteocytic and chondrocytic.	Adipose Tissue-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cell,Adipose Tissue-Derived Mesenchymal Stromal Cell,Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cell,Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cell,Mesenchymal Stromal Cell,Mesenchymal Stromal Cells,Multipotent Bone Marrow Stromal Cell,Multipotent Mesenchymal Stromal Cell,Adipose Tissue-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells,Adipose Tissue-Derived Mesenchymal Stromal Cells,Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells,Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stromal Cells,Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells,Bone Marrow Stromal Cell,Bone Marrow Stromal Cells,Bone Marrow Stromal Cells, Multipotent,Bone Marrow Stromal Stem Cells,Mesenchymal Progenitor Cell,Mesenchymal Progenitor Cells,Mesenchymal Stem Cell,Mesenchymal Stem Cells, Adipose-Derived,Mesenchymal Stromal Cells, Multipotent,Multipotent Bone Marrow Stromal Cells,Multipotent Mesenchymal Stromal Cells,Stem Cells, Mesenchymal,Wharton Jelly Cells,Wharton's Jelly Cells,Adipose Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cell,Adipose Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells,Adipose Derived Mesenchymal Stromal Cells,Adipose Tissue Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cell,Adipose Tissue Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells,Adipose Tissue Derived Mesenchymal Stromal Cell,Adipose Tissue Derived Mesenchymal Stromal Cells,Mesenchymal Stem Cells, Adipose Derived,Progenitor Cell, Mesenchymal,Progenitor Cells, Mesenchymal,Stem Cell, Mesenchymal,Stromal Cell, Mesenchymal,Stromal Cells, Mesenchymal,Wharton's Jelly Cell,Whartons Jelly Cells
D035683	MicroRNAs	Small double-stranded, non-protein coding RNAs, 21-25 nucleotides in length generated from single-stranded microRNA gene transcripts by the same RIBONUCLEASE III, Dicer, that produces small interfering RNAs (RNA, SMALL INTERFERING). They become part of the RNA-INDUCED SILENCING COMPLEX and repress the translation (TRANSLATION, GENETIC) of target RNA by binding to homologous 3'UTR region as an imperfect match. The small temporal RNAs (stRNAs), let-7 and lin-4, from C. elegans, are the first 2 miRNAs discovered, and are from a class of miRNAs involved in developmental timing.	RNA, Small Temporal,Small Temporal RNA,miRNA,stRNA,Micro RNA,MicroRNA,Primary MicroRNA,Primary miRNA,miRNAs,pre-miRNA,pri-miRNA,MicroRNA, Primary,RNA, Micro,Temporal RNA, Small,miRNA, Primary,pre miRNA,pri miRNA