Biomaterial Database

Role of parathyroid hormone in the decreased motor nerve conduction velocity of chronic renal failure. 1990

M Akmal, and S G Massry

Division of Nephrology, University of Southern California School of Medicine, Los Angeles 90033.

Certain data support the notion that chronic exposure to excess parathyroid hormone (PTH) is associated with decreased motor nerve conduction velocity, while other studies failed to confirm such an effect. Also, chronic renal failure of 4 months duration in dogs did not elicit changes in MNCV or calcium content of nerve. These discrepancies may be due to differences in other metabolic parameters, such as degree of uremia, serum levels of calcium, phosphorus, or magnesium, and acid-base parameters, or in duration of chronic renal failure. To examine the effect of PTH on peripheral nerve function in renal failure in a more defined biochemical setting, we studied the changes in MNCV and nerve calcium content in dogs with and without excess PTH and with prolonged and similar duration of chronic renal failure (57 +/- 1.7 weeks) and comparable biochemical parameters. Dogs with chronic renal failure displayed a significant (P less than 0.01) decrease in MNCV (before renal failure, 65 +/- 1.5 m/sec; after renal failure, 49 +/- 3.5 m/sec) and marked elevation in calcium content of peripheral nerve (444 +/- 45 mg/kg dry wt). These derangements were not observed in parathyroidectomized chronic renal failure animals; MNCV before renal failure was 66 +/- 1.5 m/sec and after renal failure was 65 +/- 1.5 m/sec, and nerve calcium content after renal failure was 229 +/- 3 mg/kg dry wt. Also, parathyroidectomy of three dogs with preexisting chronic renal failure of 52 weeks was associated with reversal of the abnormalities in MNCV and calcium content of nerve despite an additional period of renal failure of 52 weeks in two of the dogs and 40 weeks in the third. Our data are consistent with the proposition that excess PTH plays a major role in the genesis of peripheral nerve dysfunction in chronic renal failure. This adverse effect of the hormone is most likely mediated by the PTH-induced accumulation of calcium in peripheral nerve.

UI	MeSH Term	Description	Entries
D007676	Kidney Failure, Chronic	The end-stage of CHRONIC RENAL INSUFFICIENCY. It is characterized by the severe irreversible kidney damage (as measured by the level of PROTEINURIA) and the reduction in GLOMERULAR FILTRATION RATE to less than 15 ml per min (Kidney Foundation: Kidney Disease Outcome Quality Initiative, 2002). These patients generally require HEMODIALYSIS or KIDNEY TRANSPLANTATION.	ESRD,End-Stage Renal Disease,Renal Disease, End-Stage,Renal Failure, Chronic,Renal Failure, End-Stage,Chronic Kidney Failure,End-Stage Kidney Disease,Chronic Renal Failure,Disease, End-Stage Kidney,Disease, End-Stage Renal,End Stage Kidney Disease,End Stage Renal Disease,End-Stage Renal Failure,Kidney Disease, End-Stage,Renal Disease, End Stage,Renal Failure, End Stage
D009046	Motor Neurons	Neurons which activate MUSCLE CELLS.	Neurons, Motor,Alpha Motorneurons,Motoneurons,Motor Neurons, Alpha,Neurons, Alpha Motor,Alpha Motor Neuron,Alpha Motor Neurons,Alpha Motorneuron,Motoneuron,Motor Neuron,Motor Neuron, Alpha,Motorneuron, Alpha,Motorneurons, Alpha,Neuron, Alpha Motor,Neuron, Motor
D009431	Neural Conduction	The propagation of the NERVE IMPULSE along the nerve away from the site of an excitation stimulus.	Nerve Conduction,Conduction, Nerve,Conduction, Neural,Conductions, Nerve,Conductions, Neural,Nerve Conductions,Neural Conductions
D010281	Parathyroid Hormone	A polypeptide hormone (84 amino acid residues) secreted by the PARATHYROID GLANDS which performs the essential role of maintaining intracellular CALCIUM levels in the body. Parathyroid hormone increases intracellular calcium by promoting the release of CALCIUM from BONE, increases the intestinal absorption of calcium, increases the renal tubular reabsorption of calcium, and increases the renal excretion of phosphates.	Natpara,PTH (1-84),PTH(1-34),Parathormone,Parathyrin,Parathyroid Hormone (1-34),Parathyroid Hormone (1-84),Parathyroid Hormone Peptide (1-34),Hormone, Parathyroid
D010758	Phosphorus	A non-metal element that has the atomic symbol P, atomic number 15, and atomic weight 31. It is an essential element that takes part in a broad variety of biochemical reactions.	Black Phosphorus,Phosphorus-31,Red Phosphorus,White Phosphorus,Yellow Phosphorus,Phosphorus 31,Phosphorus, Black,Phosphorus, Red,Phosphorus, White,Phosphorus, Yellow
D002118	Calcium	A basic element found in nearly all tissues. It is a member of the alkaline earth family of metals with the atomic symbol Ca, atomic number 20, and atomic weight 40. Calcium is the most abundant mineral in the body and combines with phosphorus to form calcium phosphate in the bones and teeth. It is essential for the normal functioning of nerves and muscles and plays a role in blood coagulation (as factor IV) and in many enzymatic processes.	Coagulation Factor IV,Factor IV,Blood Coagulation Factor IV,Calcium-40,Calcium 40,Factor IV, Coagulation
D004285	Dogs	The domestic dog, Canis familiaris, comprising about 400 breeds, of the carnivore family CANIDAE. They are worldwide in distribution and live in association with people. (Walker's Mammals of the World, 5th ed, p1065)	Canis familiaris,Dog
D005260	Female		Females
D000818	Animals	Unicellular or multicellular, heterotrophic organisms, that have sensation and the power of voluntary movement. Under the older five kingdom paradigm, Animalia was one of the kingdoms. Under the modern three domain model, Animalia represents one of the many groups in the domain EUKARYOTA.	Animal,Metazoa,Animalia
D012584	Sciatic Nerve	A nerve which originates in the lumbar and sacral spinal cord (L4 to S3) and supplies motor and sensory innervation to the lower extremity. The sciatic nerve, which is the main continuation of the sacral plexus, is the largest nerve in the body. It has two major branches, the TIBIAL NERVE and the PERONEAL NERVE.	Nerve, Sciatic,Nerves, Sciatic,Sciatic Nerves