Biomaterial Database

Recent developments in the biosynthesis of the tropane alkaloids. 1990

E Leete

Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis 55455.

Recent work on the biosynthesis of the tropane moiety of cocaine, hyoscamine, scopolamine, and related alkaloids is reviewed. Revision of the generally accepted biosynthetic pathway to these alkaloids is now proposed in the light of new discoveries. New information on the biosynthesis of some of the acid moieties (benzoic, tiglic and tropic acid) of the tropane ester alkaloids is also discussed.

UI	MeSH Term	Description	Entries
D010944	Plants	Multicellular, eukaryotic life forms of kingdom Plantae. Plants acquired chloroplasts by direct endosymbiosis of CYANOBACTERIA. They are characterized by a mainly photosynthetic mode of nutrition; essentially unlimited growth at localized regions of cell divisions (MERISTEMS); cellulose within cells providing rigidity; the absence of organs of locomotion; absence of nervous and sensory systems; and an alternation of haploid and diploid generations. It is a non-taxonomical term most often referring to LAND PLANTS. In broad sense it includes RHODOPHYTA and GLAUCOPHYTA along with VIRIDIPLANTAE.	Plant
D011758	Pyrroles	Azoles of one NITROGEN and two double bonds that have aromatic chemical properties.	Pyrrole
D004952	Esters	Compounds derived from organic or inorganic acids in which at least one hydroxyl group is replaced by an –O-alkyl or another organic group. They can be represented by the structure formula RCOOR’ and are usually formed by the reaction between an acid and an alcohol with elimination of water.	Ester
D000143	Acids	Chemical compounds which yield hydrogen ions or protons when dissolved in water, whose hydrogen can be replaced by metals or basic radicals, or which react with bases to form salts and water (neutralization). An extension of the term includes substances dissolved in media other than water. (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)	Acid
D001285	Atropine	An alkaloid, originally from Atropa belladonna, but found in other plants, mainly SOLANACEAE. Hyoscyamine is the 3(S)-endo isomer of atropine.	AtroPen,Atropin Augenöl,Atropine Sulfate,Atropine Sulfate Anhydrous,Atropinol,Anhydrous, Atropine Sulfate,Augenöl, Atropin,Sulfate Anhydrous, Atropine,Sulfate, Atropine
D012196	Review Literature as Topic	Works about published materials which provide an examination of recent or current literature. These articles can cover a wide range of subject matter at various levels of completeness and comprehensiveness based on analyses of literature that may include research findings. The review may reflect the state of the art and may also include reviews as a literary form.	State-of-the-Art Review,State-of-the-Art Reviews,Review, State-of-the-Art,Reviews, State-of-the-Art,State of the Art Review,State of the Art Reviews
D012601	Scopolamine	An alkaloid from SOLANACEAE, especially DATURA and SCOPOLIA. Scopolamine and its quaternary derivatives act as antimuscarinics like ATROPINE, but may have more central nervous system effects. Its many uses include an anesthetic premedication, the treatment of URINARY INCONTINENCE and MOTION SICKNESS, an antispasmodic, and a mydriatic and cycloplegic.	Hyoscine,Scopolamine Hydrobromide,Boro-Scopol,Isopto Hyoscine,Kwells,Scoburen,Scopace,Scopoderm TTS,Scopolamine Cooper,Transderm Scop,Transderm-V,Travacalm HO,Vorigeno,Boro Scopol,Transderm V
D014326	Tropanes	N-methyl-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octanes best known for the ones found in PLANTS.	Azabicyclo(3.2.1)Octanes
D015394	Molecular Structure	The location of the atoms, groups or ions relative to one another in a molecule, as well as the number, type and location of covalent bonds.	Structure, Molecular,Molecular Structures,Structures, Molecular