BACKGROUND Bone reconstruction is a common problem in the oncological setting. Mandibular reconstruction is done with microvascularized free flaps, but noticeable differences in shape and size exist in relation to the normal mandible; consequently, new reconstructive methods are desirable. We explored the feasibility of recovering osseous viability using a sterilized mandibular segment reconstituted with autologous bone marrow. METHODS A 6- to 7-cm mandibular segment was excised in three Creole dogs. The segment was autoclaved for 40 min. The bone was then drilled, producing 3-mm holes every 10-mm. Bone was reconstituted with autologous bone marrow from the iliac spine mixed with particulated bone. Bone autograph was installed underneath the latissimus dorsi muscle. RESULTS On week four after surgery, dogs received colloidal rhenium and were placed in a gamma camera. The study showed uptake of the radiotracer in the bone graft, demonstrating viability of bone marrow. One hour later, the autograph was excised in two dogs and a histopathological study corroborated the viability of the bone marrow and the formation of new vessels and osteoid. On week twelve, the third dog was administered MDP-99Tc and placed in a gamma camera. Results proved production of new bone. CONCLUSIONS Osseous reconstruction with microvascularized flaps may cause problems, but sterilized bone reconstituted with bone marrow becomes viable. This observation eventually would allow osseous reconstruction, including the mandibule, easily and reliably in patients with osseous tumors. Autoclaved bone reconstituted with bone marrow recovers its viability.