Coming into view: eukaryotic iron chaperones and intracellular iron delivery. 2012

Caroline C Philpott
Liver Diseases Branch, NIDDK, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA. carolinep@intra.niddk.nih.gov

Eukaryotic cells contain hundreds of metalloproteins, and ensuring that each protein receives the correct metal ion is a critical task for cells. Recent work in budding yeast and mammalian cells has uncovered a system of iron delivery operating in the cytosolic compartment that involves monothiol glutaredoxins, which bind iron in the form of iron-sulfur clusters, and poly(rC)-binding proteins, which bind Fe(II) directly. In yeast cells, cytosolic monothiol glutaredoxins are required for the formation of heme and iron-sulfur clusters and the metallation of some non-heme iron enzymes. Poly(rC)-binding proteins can act as iron chaperones, delivering iron to target non-heme enzymes through direct protein-protein interactions. Although the molecular details have yet to be explored, these proteins, acting independently or together, may represent the basic cellular machinery for intracellular iron delivery.

UI MeSH Term Description Entries
D007501 Iron A metallic element with atomic symbol Fe, atomic number 26, and atomic weight 55.85. It is an essential constituent of HEMOGLOBINS; CYTOCHROMES; and IRON-BINDING PROTEINS. It plays a role in cellular redox reactions and in the transport of OXYGEN. Iron-56,Iron 56
D007506 Iron-Sulfur Proteins A group of proteins possessing only the iron-sulfur complex as the prosthetic group. These proteins participate in all major pathways of electron transport: photosynthesis, respiration, hydroxylation and bacterial hydrogen and nitrogen fixation. Iron-Sulfur Protein,Iron Sulfur Proteins,Iron Sulfur Protein,Protein, Iron-Sulfur,Proteins, Iron Sulfur,Proteins, Iron-Sulfur,Sulfur Proteins, Iron
D008667 Metalloproteins Proteins that have one or more tightly bound metal ions forming part of their structure. (Dorland, 28th ed) Metalloprotein
D008670 Metals Electropositive chemical elements characterized by ductility, malleability, luster, and conductance of heat and electricity. They can replace the hydrogen of an acid and form bases with hydroxyl radicals. (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed) Metal
D008954 Models, Biological Theoretical representations that simulate the behavior or activity of biological processes or diseases. For disease models in living animals, DISEASE MODELS, ANIMAL is available. Biological models include the use of mathematical equations, computers, and other electronic equipment. Biological Model,Biological Models,Model, Biological,Models, Biologic,Biologic Model,Biologic Models,Model, Biologic
D003600 Cytosol Intracellular fluid from the cytoplasm after removal of ORGANELLES and other insoluble cytoplasmic components. Cytosols
D004798 Enzymes Biological molecules that possess catalytic activity. They may occur naturally or be synthetically created. Enzymes are usually proteins, however CATALYTIC RNA and CATALYTIC DNA molecules have also been identified. Biocatalyst,Enzyme,Biocatalysts
D006418 Heme The color-furnishing portion of hemoglobin. It is found free in tissues and as the prosthetic group in many hemeproteins. Ferroprotoporphyrin,Protoheme,Haem,Heme b,Protoheme IX
D006801 Humans Members of the species Homo sapiens. Homo sapiens,Man (Taxonomy),Human,Man, Modern,Modern Man
D000096923 Frataxin A protein involved in the transfer of iron and sulfur to iron-sulfur cluster (ISC) assembly complex for de novo synthesis of a [2Fe-2S] cluster, the first step of the mitochondrial iron-sulfur protein biogenesis. Deficiency leads to the neurodegenerative disease FRIEDREICH ATAXIA. FXN Frataxin,Frataxin Protein,Friedreich Ataxia Protein,Ataxia Protein, Friedreich,Frataxin, FXN,Protein, Frataxin,Protein, Friedreich Ataxia

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