Intrauterine Chlamydia trachomatis infection was strongly suspected in a premature infant born in the 32nd week of gestation. The membranes were artificially ruptured at the time of delivery. This infant showed a high titer of specific IgM antibody to Chlamydia trachomatis at one hour after birth. He showed mild respiratory distress and was treated with oral erythromycin for three weeks. He was discharged home at the age of 46 days.