OBJECTIVE The management of sternal defects arisen after deep sternal wound infection is challenging and often requires extensive interdisciplinary teamwork between plastic and thoracic surgeons. In this study, the published literature on methods used to reconstruct sternal defects arisen as a result of deep sternal wound infection after open-heart surgery will be reviewed. METHODS The Cochrane, Embase, PubMed, and SveMed + databases were searched in December 2011. Only papers regarding treatment of deep sternal wound infection after open-heart surgery in adults were included. RESULTS The literature search identified 224 original papers that met the inclusion criteria. The majority dealt with surgical techniques. None of the studies regarding reconstructive options were designed as randomized controlled trials, and the levels of evidence are generally low. CONCLUSIONS The treatment of deep sternal wound infection has evolved considerably, but there is still little consensus regarding optimal surgical management and a general lack of a standard treatment protocol. The use of muscle flap transposition is well documented. Recent studies recommend the use of topical negative pressure therapy as an adjunct to surgical reconstruction.