OBJECTIVE To investigate the prevalence rate and risk factors of inpatients with coronary atherosclerotic heart disease (CHD) combined chronic kidney disease (CKD). METHODS All people who underwent CHD combined CKD in CHD department of the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University during January to December 2009 were enrolled in the retrospective study. RESULTS A total of 960 hospitalized patients with CHD were enrolled during the observation period. The prevalence of proteinuria and reduced eGFR were 11.04% and 10.52%, respectively. The total CKD prevalence rate was 16.77%, with male of 16.67% and female of 17.11%. There was no significant difference in prevalence rate between male and female (P > 0.05). The multi-factors logistic regression analysis showed that diabetes mellitus (OR 2.60, 95%CI 1.17 - 3.29) was risk factor for CHD combined proteinuria. Ten-years older in age (OR 1.55, 95%CI 1.31 - 1.83), diabetes mellitus (OR 1.69, 95%CI 1.15 - 2.47), hypercholesterolemia (OR 2.89, 95%CI 1.49 - 5.61), and hyperuricemia (OR 1.49, 95%CI 0.96 - 2.33) were risk factors for CHD combined CKD. CONCLUSIONS More attention should be paid to the high prevalence of CHD combined CKD.