New chlorinated amphetamine-type-stimulants disinfection-by-products formed during drinking water treatment. 2012

Maria Huerta-Fontela, and Oriol Pineda, and Francesc Ventura, and Maria Teresa Galceran
AGBAR-Aigües de Barcelona, General Batet 5-7, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.

Previous studies have demonstrated high removal rates of amphetamine-type-stimulants (ATSs) through conventional drinking water treatments; however the behaviour of these compounds through disinfection steps and their transformation into disinfection-by-products (DBPs) is still unknown. In this work, for the first time, the reactivity of some ATSs such as amphetamine, methamphetamine, 3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine (MDA), 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) and 3,4-methylenedioxyethylamphetamine (MDEA) with chlorine has been investigated under simulated and real drinking water treatment conditions in order to evaluate their ability to give rise to transformation products. Two new DBPs from these illicit drugs have been found. A common chlorinated-by-product (3-chlorobenzo)-1,3-dioxole, was identified for both MDA and MDEA while for MDMA, 3-chlorocatechol was found. The presence of these DBPs in water samples collected through drinking water treatment was studied in order to evaluate their formation under real conditions. Both compounds were generated through treatment from raw river water samples containing ATSs at concentration levels ranging from 1 to 15 ng/L for MDA and from 2.3 to 78 ng/L for MDMA. One of them, (3-chlorobenzo)-1,3-dioxole, found after the first chlorination step, was eliminated after ozone and GAC treatment while the MDMA DBP mainly generated after the postchlorination step, showed to be recalcitrant and it was found in final treated waters at concentrations ranging from 0.5 to 5.8 ng/L.

UI MeSH Term Description Entries
D004203 Disinfection Rendering pathogens harmless through the use of heat, antiseptics, antibacterial agents, etc.
D000662 Amphetamines Analogs or derivatives of AMPHETAMINE. Many are sympathomimetics and central nervous system stimulators causing excitation, vasopressin, bronchodilation, and to varying degrees, anorexia, analepsis, nasal decongestion, and some smooth muscle relaxation.
D000697 Central Nervous System Stimulants A loosely defined group of drugs that tend to increase behavioral alertness, agitation, or excitation. They work by a variety of mechanisms, but usually not by direct excitation of neurons. The many drugs that have such actions as side effects to their main therapeutic use are not included here. Analeptic,Analeptic Agent,Analeptic Drug,Analeptics,CNS Stimulant,CNS Stimulants,Central Nervous System Stimulant,Central Stimulant,Analeptic Agents,Analeptic Drugs,Central Stimulants,Agent, Analeptic,Agents, Analeptic,Drug, Analeptic,Drugs, Analeptic,Stimulant, CNS,Stimulant, Central,Stimulants, CNS,Stimulants, Central
D013030 Spain Country located between France on the northeast and Portugal on the west and bordered by the Atlantic Ocean and the Mediterranean Sea. The capital is Madrid. Balearic Islands,Canary Islands
D015104 3,4-Methylenedioxyamphetamine An amphetamine derivative that inhibits uptake of catecholamine neurotransmitters. It is a hallucinogen. It is less toxic than its methylated derivative but in sufficient doses may still destroy serotonergic neurons and has been used for that purpose experimentally. 3,4 Methylenedioxyamphetamine
D054879 Halogenation Covalent attachment of HALOGENS to other compounds. Bromination,Chlorination,Fluorination,Iodination,Iodation
D060753 Water Quality A rating of a body of water based on measurable physical, chemical, and biological characteristics. Quality, Water
D060766 Drinking Water Water that is intended to be ingested. Bottled Water,Potable Water,Water, Bottled,Water, Drinking,Water, Potable
D018508 Water Purification Any of several processes in which undesirable impurities in water are removed or neutralized; for example, chlorination, filtration, primary treatment, ion exchange, and distillation. It includes treatment of WASTEWATER to provide potable and hygienic water in a controlled or closed environment as well as provision of public drinking water supplies. Waste Water Purification,Waste Water Treatment,Wastewater Purification,Wastewater Treatment,Water Treatment,Purification, Waste Water,Purification, Wastewater,Purification, Water,Treatment, Waste Water,Treatment, Wastewater,Treatment, Water,Waste Water Purifications,Waste Water Treatments,Water Purification, Waste
D018817 N-Methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine An N-substituted amphetamine analog. It is a widely abused drug classified as a hallucinogen and causes marked, long-lasting changes in brain serotonergic systems. It is commonly referred to as MDMA or ecstasy. MDMA,Methylenedioxymethamphetamine,Ecstasy (Drug),N-Methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine Hydrochloride,Hydrochloride, N-Methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine,N Methyl 3,4 methylenedioxyamphetamine,N Methyl 3,4 methylenedioxyamphetamine Hydrochloride

Related Publications

Maria Huerta-Fontela, and Oriol Pineda, and Francesc Ventura, and Maria Teresa Galceran
February 1999, Environmental health perspectives,
Maria Huerta-Fontela, and Oriol Pineda, and Francesc Ventura, and Maria Teresa Galceran
August 2009, Water research,
Maria Huerta-Fontela, and Oriol Pineda, and Francesc Ventura, and Maria Teresa Galceran
January 2010, Water science and technology : a journal of the International Association on Water Pollution Research,
Maria Huerta-Fontela, and Oriol Pineda, and Francesc Ventura, and Maria Teresa Galceran
May 2020, Water environment research : a research publication of the Water Environment Federation,
Maria Huerta-Fontela, and Oriol Pineda, and Francesc Ventura, and Maria Teresa Galceran
January 2021, Journal of hazardous materials,
Maria Huerta-Fontela, and Oriol Pineda, and Francesc Ventura, and Maria Teresa Galceran
June 2001, Water research,
Maria Huerta-Fontela, and Oriol Pineda, and Francesc Ventura, and Maria Teresa Galceran
September 2016, Environmental monitoring and assessment,
Maria Huerta-Fontela, and Oriol Pineda, and Francesc Ventura, and Maria Teresa Galceran
July 2008, Water research,
Maria Huerta-Fontela, and Oriol Pineda, and Francesc Ventura, and Maria Teresa Galceran
January 2002, Chemosphere,
Maria Huerta-Fontela, and Oriol Pineda, and Francesc Ventura, and Maria Teresa Galceran
April 2022, The Science of the total environment,
Copied contents to your clipboard!