Inhibition of lipid peroxidation and protein oxidation by endogenous and exogenous antioxidants in rat brain microsomes in vitro. 2012

Cesare Mancuso, and Eugenio Barone, and Pina Guido, and Fiorella Miceli, and Fabio Di Domenico, and Marzia Perluigi, and Rosaria Santangelo, and Paolo Preziosi
Institute of Pharmacology, Catholic University School of Medicine, Largo F. Vito, 1, 00168 Rome, Italy. cmancuso@rm.unicatt.it

Reactive oxygen and reactive nitrogen species oxidize and nitrate DNA, lipid and proteins thus leading to neuronal death. Both endogenous and dietary antioxidants were shown to afford neuroprotection either by scavenging free radicals or inducing antioxidant enzymes. That said, the differential contribution of endogenous versus nutritional antioxidants to prevent neurodegeneration is still debated. In this study the free radical scavenging activity of two endogenous antioxidants, such as bilirubin and its precursor biliverdin, was compared with that of the dietary antioxidant alpha-tocopherol in rat brain microsomes exposed to peroxyl radical or peroxynitrite in vitro. Bilirubin and biliverdin (1-200 μM) inhibited both peroxyl radical- and peroxynitrite-dependent lipid peroxidation with a greater potency and efficacy than alpha-tocopherol. However, both BV and BR displayed greater potency and efficacy in preventing peroxynitrite- than peroxyl radical-induced lipid peroxidation. The greater antioxidant effect of both bilirubin and biliverdin than alpha-tocopherol was also confirmed against peroxyl radical- and peroxynitrite-induced protein oxidation. In conclusion, both bilirubin and biliverdin exhibited a greater antioxidant activity than alpha-tocopherol in preventing oxidative stress damage in rat brain.

UI MeSH Term Description Entries
D008297 Male Males
D008861 Microsomes Artifactual vesicles formed from the endoplasmic reticulum when cells are disrupted. They are isolated by differential centrifugation and are composed of three structural features: rough vesicles, smooth vesicles, and ribosomes. Numerous enzyme activities are associated with the microsomal fraction. (Glick, Glossary of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 1990; from Rieger et al., Glossary of Genetics: Classical and Molecular, 5th ed) Microsome
D010084 Oxidation-Reduction A chemical reaction in which an electron is transferred from one molecule to another. The electron-donating molecule is the reducing agent or reductant; the electron-accepting molecule is the oxidizing agent or oxidant. Reducing and oxidizing agents function as conjugate reductant-oxidant pairs or redox pairs (Lehninger, Principles of Biochemistry, 1982, p471). Redox,Oxidation Reduction
D011506 Proteins Linear POLYPEPTIDES that are synthesized on RIBOSOMES and may be further modified, crosslinked, cleaved, or assembled into complex proteins with several subunits. The specific sequence of AMINO ACIDS determines the shape the polypeptide will take, during PROTEIN FOLDING, and the function of the protein. Gene Products, Protein,Gene Proteins,Protein,Protein Gene Products,Proteins, Gene
D001921 Brain The part of CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM that is contained within the skull (CRANIUM). Arising from the NEURAL TUBE, the embryonic brain is comprised of three major parts including PROSENCEPHALON (the forebrain); MESENCEPHALON (the midbrain); and RHOMBENCEPHALON (the hindbrain). The developed brain consists of CEREBRUM; CEREBELLUM; and other structures in the BRAIN STEM. Encephalon
D000818 Animals Unicellular or multicellular, heterotrophic organisms, that have sensation and the power of voluntary movement. Under the older five kingdom paradigm, Animalia was one of the kingdoms. Under the modern three domain model, Animalia represents one of the many groups in the domain EUKARYOTA. Animal,Metazoa,Animalia
D000975 Antioxidants Naturally occurring or synthetic substances that inhibit or retard oxidation reactions. They counteract the damaging effects of oxidation in animal tissues. Anti-Oxidant,Antioxidant,Antioxidant Activity,Endogenous Antioxidant,Endogenous Antioxidants,Anti-Oxidant Effect,Anti-Oxidant Effects,Anti-Oxidants,Antioxidant Effect,Antioxidant Effects,Activity, Antioxidant,Anti Oxidant,Anti Oxidant Effect,Anti Oxidant Effects,Anti Oxidants,Antioxidant, Endogenous,Antioxidants, Endogenous
D001663 Bilirubin A bile pigment that is a degradation product of HEME. Bilirubin IX alpha,Bilirubin, (15E)-Isomer,Bilirubin, (4E)-Isomer,Bilirubin, (4E,15E)-Isomer,Bilirubin, Calcium Salt,Bilirubin, Disodium Salt,Bilirubin, Monosodium Salt,Calcium Bilirubinate,Hematoidin,delta-Bilirubin,Bilirubinate, Calcium,Calcium Salt Bilirubin,Disodium Salt Bilirubin,Monosodium Salt Bilirubin,Salt Bilirubin, Calcium,delta Bilirubin
D001664 Biliverdine 1,3,6,7-Tetramethyl-4,5-dicarboxyethyl-2,8-divinylbilenone. Biosynthesized from hemoglobin as a precursor of bilirubin. Occurs in the bile of AMPHIBIANS and of birds, but not in normal human bile or serum. Dehydrobilirubin,Ooecyan,Uteroverdine,Biliverdin,Biliverdin IX,Biliverdin IX alpha,IX alpha, Biliverdin,IX, Biliverdin,alpha, Biliverdin IX
D015227 Lipid Peroxidation Peroxidase catalyzed oxidation of lipids using hydrogen peroxide as an electron acceptor. Lipid Peroxidations,Peroxidation, Lipid,Peroxidations, Lipid

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