Biomaterial Database

Fine structural changes in the endolymphatic sac induced by calcium loading in the tree frog, Hyla arborea japonica. 1990

S Kawamata

Department of Anatomy, Toyama Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Japan.

The growth rate of calcium carbonate (CaCO3) crystals in the endolymphatic sac was modulated, and morphological changes in this organ were observed by light and electron microscopy. When calcium chloride (CaCl2) was given to the three frog for a short period (3 days to 2 weeks), CaCO3 crystal production was accelerated. Epithelial cells enlarged, their rough endoplasmic reticulum (rER) and Golgi apparatus developed, and dense material increased around CaCO3 crystals and/or in the endolymphatic lumen. In addition, multiluminal endolymphatic chambers appeared in some frogs. On the other hand, as the CaCl2 loading period lengthened and CaCO3 crystal formation decreased or stopped, the epithelial cells became flat and extended with scanty cytoplasm, and the rER and Golgi apparatus decreased in number and size. Furthermore, the amount of dense material around CaCO3 crystals and in the lumen decreased. These findings suggest that the rER, Golgi apparatus and dense material have key roles in the production of CaCO3 crystals.

UI	MeSH Term	Description	Entries
D002119	Calcium Carbonate	Carbonic acid calcium salt (CaCO3). An odorless, tasteless powder or crystal that occurs in nature. It is used therapeutically as a phosphate buffer in hemodialysis patients and as a calcium supplement.	Aragonite,Calcite,Chalk,Limestone,Marble,Milk of Calcium,Vaterite,Calcium Milk,Carbonate, Calcium
D002122	Calcium Chloride	A salt used to replenish calcium levels, as an acid-producing diuretic, and as an antidote for magnesium poisoning.	Calcium Chloride Dihydrate,Calcium Chloride, Anhydrous
D004712	Endolymphatic Sac	The blind pouch at the end of the endolymphatic duct. It is a storage reservoir for excess ENDOLYMPH, formed by the blood vessels in the membranous labyrinth.	Endolymphatic Sacs,Sac, Endolymphatic,Sacs, Endolymphatic
D004848	Epithelium	The layers of EPITHELIAL CELLS which cover the inner and outer surfaces of the cutaneous, mucus, and serous tissues and glands of the body.	Mesothelium,Epithelial Tissue,Mesothelial Tissue,Epithelial Tissues,Mesothelial Tissues,Tissue, Epithelial,Tissue, Mesothelial,Tissues, Epithelial,Tissues, Mesothelial
D000818	Animals	Unicellular or multicellular, heterotrophic organisms, that have sensation and the power of voluntary movement. Under the older five kingdom paradigm, Animalia was one of the kingdoms. Under the modern three domain model, Animalia represents one of the many groups in the domain EUKARYOTA.	Animal,Metazoa,Animalia
D001001	Anura	An order of the class Amphibia, which includes several families of frogs and toads. They are characterized by well developed hind limbs adapted for jumping, fused head and trunk and webbed toes. The term "toad" is ambiguous and is properly applied only to the family Bufonidae.	Bombina,Frogs and Toads,Salientia,Toad, Fire-Bellied,Toads and Frogs,Anuras,Fire-Bellied Toad,Fire-Bellied Toads,Salientias,Toad, Fire Bellied,Toads, Fire-Bellied
D013997	Time Factors	Elements of limited time intervals, contributing to particular results or situations.	Time Series,Factor, Time,Time Factor