Proteome of melamine urinary bladder stones and implication for stone formation. 2012

Jian-dong Liu, and Jian-jun Liu, and Jian-hui Yuan, and Gong-hua Tao, and De-sheng Wu, and Xi-fei Yang, and Lin-qing Yang, and Hai-yan Huang, and Li Zhou, and Xin-yun Xu, and Jun-jie Hu, and Zhi-xiong Zhuang
School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, 74 Zhongshan Road 2, Guangzhou 510080, PR China.

Melamine can cause urinary stones related to nephropathy of the kidney and hyperplasia or carcinoma of the bladder, but the mechanism of stone formation is not well understood. In this study, male rats were administered melamine for thirteen weeks to establish melamine bladder stone models and the stones were analysed by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy, sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE), liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) and western blot, respectively, for the composition and proteome, and to explore the implication of proteins for stone formation. The results showed bladder stones were composed of predominant melamine and a few amount of proteins. The proteins had a wide range of molecular weights and 1051 proteins were identified. Gene Ontology (GO) classification of the identified proteins showed most proteins were from injured cells, involved in various metabolic processes and had binding functions. Of the identified proteins, there were a few inflammatory proteins and urinary proteins. Physicochemical characteristics of the identified proteins showed that 67.1% proteins' isoelectric points (pI) value was below 7.0, 91.1% proteins' grand average of hydropathicity (GRAVY) scores were below 0 and nearly half of the proteins were stable. Our data indicated proteins might play an important role in melamine bladder stone formation.

UI MeSH Term Description Entries
D008297 Male Males
D012117 Resins, Synthetic Polymers of high molecular weight which at some stage are capable of being molded and then harden to form useful components. Dental Resins,Dental Resin,Resin, Dental,Resin, Synthetic,Resins, Dental,Synthetic Resin,Synthetic Resins
D001744 Urinary Bladder Calculi Stones in the URINARY BLADDER; also known as vesical calculi, bladder stones, or cystoliths. Urinary Bladder Stones,Vesical Calculi,Bladder Calculi,Bladder Stones,Calculi of Urinary Bladder,Cystoliths,Bladder Calculi, Urinary,Bladder Calculus,Bladder Calculus, Urinary,Bladder Stone,Bladder Stone, Urinary,Bladder Stones, Urinary,Calculi, Bladder,Calculi, Urinary Bladder,Calculi, Vesical,Calculus, Bladder,Calculus, Urinary Bladder,Calculus, Vesical,Cystolith,Stone, Bladder,Stone, Urinary Bladder,Stones, Bladder,Stones, Urinary Bladder,Urinary Bladder Calculus,Urinary Bladder Stone,Vesical Calculus
D002851 Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid Liquid chromatographic techniques which feature high inlet pressures, high sensitivity, and high speed. Chromatography, High Performance Liquid,Chromatography, High Speed Liquid,Chromatography, Liquid, High Pressure,HPLC,High Performance Liquid Chromatography,High-Performance Liquid Chromatography,UPLC,Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography,Chromatography, High-Performance Liquid,High-Performance Liquid Chromatographies,Liquid Chromatography, High-Performance
D004195 Disease Models, Animal Naturally-occurring or experimentally-induced animal diseases with pathological processes analogous to human diseases. Animal Disease Model,Animal Disease Models,Disease Model, Animal
D004591 Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis in which a polyacrylamide gel is used as the diffusion medium. Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis,SDS-PAGE,Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate-PAGE,Gel Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide,SDS PAGE,Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate PAGE,Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate-PAGEs
D000818 Animals Unicellular or multicellular, heterotrophic organisms, that have sensation and the power of voluntary movement. Under the older five kingdom paradigm, Animalia was one of the kingdoms. Under the modern three domain model, Animalia represents one of the many groups in the domain EUKARYOTA. Animal,Metazoa,Animalia
D013052 Spectrometry, X-Ray Emission The spectrometric analysis of fluorescent X-RAYS, i.e. X-rays emitted after bombarding matter with high energy particles such as PROTONS; ELECTRONS; or higher energy X-rays. Identification of ELEMENTS by this technique is based on the specific type of X-rays that are emitted which are characteristic of the specific elements in the material being analyzed. The characteristic X-rays are distinguished and/or quantified by either wavelength dispersive or energy dispersive methods. Particle-Induced X-Ray Emission Spectrometry,Proton-Induced X-Ray Emission Spectrometry,Spectrometry, Particle-Induced X-Ray Emission,Spectrometry, Proton-Induced X-Ray Emission,Spectrometry, X-Ray Fluorescence,X-Ray Emission Spectrometry,X-Ray Emission Spectroscopy,X-Ray Fluorescence Spectrometry,Energy Dispersive X-Ray Fluorescence Spectrometry,Energy Dispersive X-Ray Fluorescence Spectroscopy,Energy Dispersive X-Ray Spectrometry,Energy Dispersive X-Ray Spectroscopy,Particle Induced X Ray Emission Spectrometry,Proton Induced X Ray Emission Spectrometry,Spectrometry, Particle Induced X Ray Emission,Spectrometry, Proton Induced X Ray Emission,Spectrometry, Xray Emission,Wavelength Dispersive X-Ray Fluorescence Spectrometry,Wavelength Dispersive X-Ray Fluorescence Spectroscopy,Wavelength Dispersive X-Ray Spectrometry,Wavelength Dispersive X-Ray Spectroscopy,X-Ray Fluorescence Spectroscopy,Xray Emission Spectroscopy,Emission Spectrometry, X-Ray,Emission Spectrometry, Xray,Emission Spectroscopy, X-Ray,Emission Spectroscopy, Xray,Energy Dispersive X Ray Fluorescence Spectrometry,Energy Dispersive X Ray Fluorescence Spectroscopy,Energy Dispersive X Ray Spectrometry,Energy Dispersive X Ray Spectroscopy,Fluorescence Spectrometry, X-Ray,Fluorescence Spectroscopy, X-Ray,Spectrometry, X Ray Emission,Spectrometry, X Ray Fluorescence,Spectroscopy, X-Ray Emission,Spectroscopy, X-Ray Fluorescence,Spectroscopy, Xray Emission,Wavelength Dispersive X Ray Fluorescence Spectrometry,Wavelength Dispersive X Ray Fluorescence Spectroscopy,Wavelength Dispersive X Ray Spectrometry,Wavelength Dispersive X Ray Spectroscopy,X Ray Emission Spectrometry,X Ray Emission Spectroscopy,X Ray Fluorescence Spectrometry,X Ray Fluorescence Spectroscopy,X-Ray Fluorescence Spectroscopies,Xray Emission Spectrometry
D014227 Triazines Heterocyclic rings containing three nitrogen atoms, commonly in 1,2,4 or 1,3,5 or 2,4,6 formats. Some are used as HERBICIDES. Triazine,Benzotriazines
D014961 X-Ray Diffraction The scattering of x-rays by matter, especially crystals, with accompanying variation in intensity due to interference effects. Analysis of the crystal structure of materials is performed by passing x-rays through them and registering the diffraction image of the rays (CRYSTALLOGRAPHY, X-RAY). (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed) Xray Diffraction,Diffraction, X-Ray,Diffraction, Xray,Diffractions, X-Ray,Diffractions, Xray,X Ray Diffraction,X-Ray Diffractions,Xray Diffractions

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