Biomaterial Database

Using propidium monoazide to distinguish between viable and nonviable bacteria, MS2 and murine norovirus. 2012

S Y Kim, and G Ko

Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Institute of Health and Environment, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea.

OBJECTIVE The ability to distinguish between viable and/or infectious micro-organisms and inactivated cells is extremely important for correctly performing microbial risk assessments. In this study, we evaluated whether propidium monoazide (PMA)-qPCR could distinguish between viable and nonviable bacteria and viruses. RESULTS A PMA-qPCR combined assay was applied to viable and inactivated bacteria (Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis) and viruses (MS2 and murine norovirus [MNV]). PMA, a DNA-intercalating agent, in combination with PCR was better able to distinguish between viable and nonviable bacteria and viruses than conventional PCR. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that a combined PMA-qPCR assay can be used to measure the viability of bacterial cells and bacteriophage MS2, but not MNV. CONCLUSIONS PMA-qPCR could potentially be used to measure the viability of some micro-organisms, including virus. However, a thorough evaluation should be performed prior to measuring the viability of micro-organisms by PMA-qPCR in a quantitative way.

UI	MeSH Term	Description	Entries
D007364	Intercalating Agents	Agents that are capable of inserting themselves between the successive bases in DNA, thus kinking, uncoiling or otherwise deforming it and therefore preventing its proper functioning. They are used in the study of DNA.	Intercalating Agent,Intercalating Ligand,Intercalative Compound,Intercalator,Intercalators,Intercalating Ligands,Intercalative Compounds,Agent, Intercalating,Agents, Intercalating,Compound, Intercalative,Compounds, Intercalative,Ligand, Intercalating,Ligands, Intercalating
D011419	Propidium	Quaternary ammonium analog of ethidium; an intercalating dye with a specific affinity to certain forms of DNA and, used as diiodide, to separate them in density gradients; also forms fluorescent complexes with cholinesterase which it inhibits.	Propidium Diiodide,Propidium Iodide,Diiodide, Propidium,Iodide, Propidium
D004926	Escherichia coli	A species of gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped bacteria (GRAM-NEGATIVE FACULTATIVELY ANAEROBIC RODS) commonly found in the lower part of the intestine of warm-blooded animals. It is usually nonpathogenic, but some strains are known to produce DIARRHEA and pyogenic infections. Pathogenic strains (virotypes) are classified by their specific pathogenic mechanisms such as toxins (ENTEROTOXIGENIC ESCHERICHIA COLI), etc.	Alkalescens-Dispar Group,Bacillus coli,Bacterium coli,Bacterium coli commune,Diffusely Adherent Escherichia coli,E coli,EAggEC,Enteroaggregative Escherichia coli,Enterococcus coli,Diffusely Adherent E. coli,Enteroaggregative E. coli,Enteroinvasive E. coli,Enteroinvasive Escherichia coli
D001386	Azides	Organic or inorganic compounds that contain the -N3 group.	Azide
D001412	Bacillus subtilis	A species of gram-positive bacteria that is a common soil and water saprophyte.	Natto Bacteria,Bacillus subtilis (natto),Bacillus subtilis subsp. natto,Bacillus subtilis var. natto
D016133	Polymerase Chain Reaction	In vitro method for producing large amounts of specific DNA or RNA fragments of defined length and sequence from small amounts of short oligonucleotide flanking sequences (primers). The essential steps include thermal denaturation of the double-stranded target molecules, annealing of the primers to their complementary sequences, and extension of the annealed primers by enzymatic synthesis with DNA polymerase. The reaction is efficient, specific, and extremely sensitive. Uses for the reaction include disease diagnosis, detection of difficult-to-isolate pathogens, mutation analysis, genetic testing, DNA sequencing, and analyzing evolutionary relationships.	Anchored PCR,Inverse PCR,Nested PCR,PCR,Anchored Polymerase Chain Reaction,Inverse Polymerase Chain Reaction,Nested Polymerase Chain Reaction,PCR, Anchored,PCR, Inverse,PCR, Nested,Polymerase Chain Reactions,Reaction, Polymerase Chain,Reactions, Polymerase Chain
D050296	Microbial Viability	Ability of a microbe to survive under given conditions. This can also be related to a colony's ability to replicate.	Bacterial Viability,Virus Viability,Bacteria Viability,Microbial Inactivation,Inactivation, Microbial,Viability, Bacteria,Viability, Bacterial,Viability, Microbial,Viability, Virus
D017909	Levivirus	A bacteriophage genus of the family LEVIVIRIDAE, whose viruses contain the short version of the genome and have a separate gene for cell lysis.	Bacteriophage MS2,Coliphage MS2,Enterobacteria phage MS2,Enterobacteria phage R17,Enterobacteria phage f2,Enterobacteria phage fr,MS2 Phage,Phage MS2,Pseudomonas phage PP7,Leviviruses,MS2 Phages,MS2, Bacteriophage,MS2, Coliphage,MS2, Phage,Phage, MS2,Phages, MS2
D029322	Norovirus	A genus in the family CALICIVIRIDAE, associated with epidemic GASTROENTERITIS in humans. The type species, NORWALK VIRUS, contains multiple strains.	Norwalk-like Viruses,Small Round-Structured Viruses,Noroviruses,Norwalk like Viruses,Round-Structured Viruses, Small,Small Round Structured Viruses