Biomaterial Database

Enamel defects in 8-year-old children in fluoridated and non-fluoridated parts of Cheshire. 1990

K Milsom, and C M Mitropoulos

Chester District Health Authority, UK.

The aim of this study was to compare the prevalence of developmental defects of enamel in fluoridated (1 ppm F) and non-fluoridated (less than 0.2 ppm F) communities in Cheshire, England. Eight-year-old children were examined under blind conditions. Only lifetime residents were included and only children with no history of dietary fluoride supplements. Significantly more children living in the fluoridated community (60%) had enamel defects compared to those in the non-fluoridated community (44%). In the fluoridated community, significantly more children whose parents claimed to begin brushing at an early age exhibited enamel defects.

UI	MeSH Term	Description	Entries
D008297	Male		Males
D011897	Random Allocation	A process involving chance used in therapeutic trials or other research endeavor for allocating experimental subjects, human or animal, between treatment and control groups, or among treatment groups. It may also apply to experiments on inanimate objects.	Randomization,Allocation, Random
D002648	Child	A person 6 to 12 years of age. An individual 2 to 5 years old is CHILD, PRESCHOOL.	Children
D003743	Dental Enamel	A hard thin translucent layer of calcified substance which envelops and protects the dentin of the crown of the tooth. It is the hardest substance in the body and is almost entirely composed of calcium salts. Under the microscope, it is composed of thin rods (enamel prisms) held together by cementing substance, and surrounded by an enamel sheath. (From Jablonski, Dictionary of Dentistry, 1992, p286)	Enamel,Enamel Cuticle,Dental Enamels,Enamel, Dental,Enamels, Dental,Cuticle, Enamel,Cuticles, Enamel,Enamel Cuticles,Enamels
D003744	Dental Enamel Hypoplasia	An acquired or hereditary condition due to deficiency in the formation of tooth enamel (AMELOGENESIS). It is usually characterized by defective, thin, or malformed DENTAL ENAMEL. Risk factors for enamel hypoplasia include gene mutations, nutritional deficiencies, diseases, and environmental factors.	Enamel Hypoplasia,Enamel Agenesis,Enamel Hypoplasia, Dental,Hypoplasia, Dental Enamel,Hypoplastic Enamel,Agenesis, Enamel,Enamel Ageneses,Enamel Hypoplasias,Enamel, Hypoplastic,Hypoplasia, Enamel
D004739	England	A part of Great Britain within the United Kingdom.
D005260	Female		Females
D005457	Fluoridation	Practice of adding fluoride to water, and other food or beverages, for the purpose of preventing DENTAL CARIES.	Milk Fluoridation,Salt Fluoridation,Water Fluoridation,Fluoridation, Milk,Fluoridation, Salt,Fluoridation, Water
D006801	Humans	Members of the species Homo sapiens.	Homo sapiens,Man (Taxonomy),Human,Man, Modern,Modern Man
D012923	Social Class	A stratum of people with similar position and prestige; includes social stratification. Social class is measured by criteria such as education, occupation, and income.	Caste,Social Gradients,Socioeconomic Level,Socioeconomic Status,Middle Class Population,Castes,Class, Social,Gradient, Social,Level, Socioeconomic,Middle Class Populations,Population, Middle Class,Social Classes,Social Gradient,Socioeconomic Levels,Status, Socioeconomic