BACKGROUND Total laparoscopic hysterectomy has been reported as having a higher incidence of vaginal cuff dehiscence compared with the abdominal and/or vaginal hysterectomy. The cause of vaginal cuff dehiscence after total laparoscopic hysterectomy is not specified, but possible causes may be the use of thermal energy for vaginal incision, reduced suturing width due to magnification, low quality of laparoscopic suturing skills and early resumption of regular activities after surgery. METHODS We performed 677 cases of total laparoscopic hysterectomy for benign diseases, such as fibroids or adenomyosis, from January 2007 to December 2008 in our institute. We experienced four cases (0.6%) of vaginal cuff dehiscence. We checked the operative parameters for these cases, such as whether the retroperitoneum was sutured or not and intrapelvic adhesion, as well as examined operative duration, blood loss, weight of removed organs, and body mass index. RESULTS Sexual intercourse was the triggering event for three cases (96 days, 103 days and 47 days after total laparoscopic hysterectomy) and the other case occurred during defecation (18 days and no sexual intercourse after total laparoscopic hysterectomy). There were no significant differences in vaginal cuff dehiscence with or without retroperitoneum suture and intrapelvic adhesion. CONCLUSIONS After these four cases of vaginal cuff dehiscence, we recognized the need to review these cases carefully in order to discover the cause and how to prevent this from occurring in other patients. We do not have the answers to prevent this complication at present, but reducing the power-source and attempting different suturing techniques may be important steps.