Bilateral hemispheric processing deficits in schizophrenia. 1990

B D Schwartz, and E Satter, and P T O'Neill, and D K Winstead
Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA.

Schizophrenics are known to have an early visual processing deficit, but the exact nature of that deficit is unclear. The present research was undertaken in order to establish the difference between schizophrenic and normal subjects in their processing of visual stimuli. Previous studies have shown that short duration stimuli activate a transient visual system which is associated with the right hemisphere, while longer duration stimuli activate the sustained system associated with the left hemisphere. The present study was designed to determine the effects of activation/inactivation of both the sustained and transient channels on hemispheric processing in normal compared to schizophrenic patients. The task was a forced choice continuity of form. The subject was required to detect two grating pulses, separated by a blank interval (interstimulus interval-ISI) vs. a single grating pulse, which was shown for the same total duration as the two pulse condition. Threshold ISI was obtained and used as the index of visible persistence/speed of visual processing, 19 schizophrenics, 12 depressives, 6 schizoaffectives, and 11 controls participated in the study. Stimuli were sinusoidal spatial frequency (SF) gratings of 0.9 and 15 c/degrees presented independently to the left and right hemisphere for durations of 50 and 250 ms. The results revealed statistical significance for Diagnosis, Diagnosis x SF, and Position x Diagnosis. Normal controls and depressed subjects did not statistically differ from each other, while schizophrenic and schizoaffectives differed from both control groups and on some conditions from each other. No hemispheric asymmetries were observed for any group. The results are discussed in terms of differential deficits in schizophrenics in the absence of early occurring asymmetries.

UI MeSH Term Description Entries
D009949 Orientation Awareness of oneself in relation to time, place and person. Cognitive Orientation,Mental Orientation,Psychological Orientation,Cognitive Orientations,Mental Orientations,Orientation, Cognitive,Orientation, Mental,Orientation, Psychological,Orientations,Orientations, Cognitive,Orientations, Mental,Orientations, Psychological,Psychological Orientations
D010364 Pattern Recognition, Visual Mental process to visually perceive a critical number of facts (the pattern), such as characters, shapes, displays, or designs. Recognition, Visual Pattern,Visual Pattern Recognition
D011601 Psychophysics The science dealing with the correlation of the physical characteristics of a stimulus, e.g., frequency or intensity, with the response to the stimulus, in order to assess the psychologic factors involved in the relationship. Psychophysic
D011618 Psychotic Disorders Disorders in which there is a loss of ego boundaries or a gross impairment in reality testing with delusions or prominent hallucinations. (From DSM-IV, 1994) Psychoses,Psychosis, Brief Reactive,Schizoaffective Disorder,Schizophreniform Disorders,Psychosis,Brief Reactive Psychoses,Brief Reactive Psychosis,Disorder, Psychotic,Disorder, Schizoaffective,Disorder, Schizophreniform,Disorders, Psychotic,Disorders, Schizoaffective,Disorders, Schizophreniform,Psychoses, Brief Reactive,Psychotic Disorder,Reactive Psychoses, Brief,Reactive Psychosis, Brief,Schizoaffective Disorders,Schizophreniform Disorder
D011930 Reaction Time The time from the onset of a stimulus until a response is observed. Response Latency,Response Speed,Response Time,Latency, Response,Reaction Times,Response Latencies,Response Times,Speed, Response,Speeds, Response
D003866 Depressive Disorder An affective disorder manifested by either a dysphoric mood or loss of interest or pleasure in usual activities. The mood disturbance is prominent and relatively persistent. Depression, Endogenous,Depression, Neurotic,Depression, Unipolar,Depressive Syndrome,Melancholia,Neurosis, Depressive,Unipolar Depression,Depressions, Endogenous,Depressions, Neurotic,Depressions, Unipolar,Depressive Disorders,Depressive Neuroses,Depressive Neurosis,Depressive Syndromes,Disorder, Depressive,Disorders, Depressive,Endogenous Depression,Endogenous Depressions,Melancholias,Neuroses, Depressive,Neurotic Depression,Neurotic Depressions,Syndrome, Depressive,Syndromes, Depressive,Unipolar Depressions
D004292 Dominance, Cerebral Dominance of one cerebral hemisphere over the other in cerebral functions. Cerebral Dominance,Hemispheric Specialization,Dominances, Cerebral,Specialization, Hemispheric
D006801 Humans Members of the species Homo sapiens. Homo sapiens,Man (Taxonomy),Human,Man, Modern,Modern Man
D000328 Adult A person having attained full growth or maturity. Adults are of 19 through 44 years of age. For a person between 19 and 24 years of age, YOUNG ADULT is available. Adults
D001143 Arousal Cortical vigilance or readiness of tone, presumed to be in response to sensory stimulation via the reticular activating system. Vigilance, Cortical,Arousals,Cortical Vigilance

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