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Tumors were produced in quails about 2 months after injection with a transformation-defective mutant of the Schmidt-Ruppin strain of Rous sarcoma virus, subgroup A (SR-A), that retains a small portion of the src gene. Sarcoma viruses were isolated from each of five such tumors. A transformation-defective mutant which has a nearly complete deletion of the src gene was unable to induce tumors. The avian sarcoma viruses recovered from quail tumors (rASV-Q) had biological properties similar to those of the avian sarcoma viruses previously acquired from chicken tumors (rASV-C); these chicken tumors had been induced by the same transformation-defective mutants. Both rASV-Q and rASV-C transformed cells in culture with similar focus morphology and produced tumors within 7 to 14 days after injection into chickens or quails. The size of rASV-Q genomic RNA was indistinguishable from that of SR-A by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The sequences of rASV-Q RNA genomes were analyzed and compared with those of the parental transformation-defective virus, SR-A and of rASV-C by RNase T1 fingerprinting and oligonucleotide mapping. We found that the src sequences of all five isolates of rASV-Q were identical to each other but different from those of SR-A and rASV-C. Of 13 oligonucleotides of rASV-Q identified as src specific, two were not found in either SR-A or rASV-C RNA. Furthermore, some oligonucleotides present in SR-A or rASV-C or both were absent in rASV-Q. No differences were found for the sequences outside the src region in any of the viruses examined. In addition, rASV-Q-infected cells possessed a 60,000-dalton protein specifically precipitable by rabbit serum raised against SR-D-induced tumors. The facts that the src sequences are essentially the same for rASV's recovered from one animal species and different for rASV's obtained from different species provide conclusive evidence that cellular sequences of normal birds were inserted into the viral genome and supplied to the resulting recombinant viruses genetic information for cell transformation.
L H Wang, and
C Moscovici, and
R E Karess, and
H Hanafusa
August 1990,
Virology,
L H Wang, and
C Moscovici, and
R E Karess, and
H Hanafusa
March 1976,
Virology,
L H Wang, and
C Moscovici, and
R E Karess, and
H Hanafusa
January 1980,
Cold Spring Harbor symposia on quantitative biology,
L H Wang, and
C Moscovici, and
R E Karess, and
H Hanafusa
December 1977,
Journal of virology,
L H Wang, and
C Moscovici, and
R E Karess, and
H Hanafusa
October 1984,
Virology,
L H Wang, and
C Moscovici, and
R E Karess, and
H Hanafusa
July 1980,
Journal of virology,
L H Wang, and
C Moscovici, and
R E Karess, and
H Hanafusa
November 1985,
Molecular and cellular biology,
L H Wang, and
C Moscovici, and
R E Karess, and
H Hanafusa
June 1983,
Virology,
L H Wang, and
C Moscovici, and
R E Karess, and
H Hanafusa
December 1978,
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America,
L H Wang, and
C Moscovici, and
R E Karess, and
H Hanafusa
September 1986,
Journal of virology,
