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Common SNPs explain some of the variation in the personality dimensions of neuroticism and extraversion. 2012

A A E Vinkhuyzen, and N L Pedersen, and J Yang, and S H Lee, and P K E Magnusson, and W G Iacono, and M McGue, and P A F Madden, and A C Heath, and M Luciano, and A Payton, and M Horan, and W Ollier, and N Pendleton, and I J Deary, and G W Montgomery, and N G Martin, and P M Visscher, and N R Wray
Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia. anna.vinkhuyzen@uq.edu.au

The personality traits of neuroticism and extraversion are predictive of a number of social and behavioural outcomes and psychiatric disorders. Twin and family studies have reported moderate heritability estimates for both traits. Few associations have been reported between genetic variants and neuroticism/extraversion, but hardly any have been replicated. Moreover, the ones that have been replicated explain only a small proportion of the heritability (<~2%). Using genome-wide single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) data from ~12,000 unrelated individuals we estimated the proportion of phenotypic variance explained by variants in linkage disequilibrium with common SNPs as 0.06 (s.e. = 0.03) for neuroticism and 0.12 (s.e. = 0.03) for extraversion. In an additional series of analyses in a family-based sample, we show that while for both traits ~45% of the phenotypic variance can be explained by pedigree data (that is, expected genetic similarity) one third of this can be explained by SNP data (that is, realized genetic similarity). A part of the so-called 'missing heritability' has now been accounted for, but some of the reported heritability is still unexplained. Possible explanations for the remaining missing heritability are that: (i) rare variants that are not captured by common SNPs on current genotype platforms make a major contribution; and/ or (ii) the estimates of narrow sense heritability from twin and family studies are biased upwards, for example, by not properly accounting for nonadditive genetic factors and/or (common) environmental factors.

UI MeSH Term Description Entries
D008297 Male Males
D008875 Middle Aged An adult aged 45 - 64 years. Middle Age
D010641 Phenotype The outward appearance of the individual. It is the product of interactions between genes, and between the GENOTYPE and the environment. Phenotypes
D002605 Character In current usage, approximately equivalent to personality. The sum of the relatively fixed personality traits and habitual modes of response of an individual. Characters
D002648 Child A person 6 to 12 years of age. An individual 2 to 5 years old is CHILD, PRESCHOOL. Children
D004200 Diseases in Twins Disorders affecting TWINS, one or both, at any age. Diseases in Twin,Twin, Diseases in,Twins, Diseases in,in Twin, Diseases,in Twins, Diseases
D005120 Extraversion, Psychological A state in which attention is largely directed outward from the self. Extraversion (Psychology),Extraversion, Psychology,Extroversion, Psychological,Extroversion, Psychology,Extraversion,Extroversion,Extroversion (Psychology),Psychological Extraversion,Psychological Extroversion,Psychology Extraversion,Psychology Extraversions,Psychology Extroversion
D005260 Female Females
D006801 Humans Members of the species Homo sapiens. Homo sapiens,Man (Taxonomy),Human,Man, Modern,Modern Man
D000075384 Neuroticism Personality trait related to tendency to respond to threat, frustration or a loss with negative emotions (e.g., ANGER; ANXIETY; FRUSTRATION; embarrassment and sadness). Neuroticism Traits,Neuroticism Trait

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