Biomaterial Database

Nerve transfers for the upper extremity: new horizons in nerve reconstruction. 2012

Steve K Lee, and Scott W Wolfe

Hospital for Special Surgery and Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA.

Nerve transfers are key components of the surgeon's armamentarium in brachial plexus and complex nerve reconstruction. Advantages of nerve transfers are that nerve regeneration distances are shortened, pure motor or sensory nerve fascicles can be selected as donors, and nerve grafts are generally not required. Similar to the principle of tendon transfers, expendable donor nerves are transferred to denervated nerves with the goal of functional recovery. Transfers may be subdivided into intraplexal, extraplexal, and distal types; each has a unique role in the reconstructive process. A thorough diagnostic workup and intraoperative assessment help guide the surgeon in their use. Nerve transfers have made a positive impact on the outcomes of nerve surgery and are essential tools in complex nerve reconstruction.

UI	MeSH Term	Description	Entries
D007367	Intercostal Nerves	The ventral rami of the thoracic nerves from segments T1 through T11. The intercostal nerves supply motor and sensory innervation to the thorax and abdomen. The skin and muscles supplied by a given pair are called, respectively, a dermatome and a myotome.	Intercostal Nerve,Nerve, Intercostal,Nerves, Intercostal
D009138	Musculocutaneous Nerve	A major nerve of the upper extremity. The fibers of the musculocutaneous nerve originate in the lower cervical spinal cord (usually C5 to C7), travel via the lateral cord of the brachial plexus, and supply sensory and motor innervation to the upper arm, elbow, and forearm.	Musculocutaneous Nerves,Nerve, Musculocutaneous,Nerves, Musculocutaneous
D009626	Terminology as Topic	Works about the terms, expressions, designations, or symbols used in a particular science, discipline, or specialized subject area.	Etymology,Nomenclature as Topic,Etymologies
D010791	Phrenic Nerve	The motor nerve of the diaphragm. The phrenic nerve fibers originate in the cervical spinal column (mostly C4) and travel through the cervical plexus to the diaphragm.	Nerve, Phrenic,Nerves, Phrenic,Phrenic Nerves
D006801	Humans	Members of the species Homo sapiens.	Homo sapiens,Man (Taxonomy),Human,Man, Modern,Modern Man
D000055	Accessory Nerve	The 11th cranial nerve which originates from NEURONS in the MEDULLA and in the CERVICAL SPINAL CORD. It has a cranial root, which joins the VAGUS NERVE (10th cranial) and sends motor fibers to the muscles of the LARYNX, and a spinal root, which sends motor fibers to the TRAPEZIUS and the sternocleidomastoid muscles.	Cranial Nerve XI,Eleventh Cranial Nerve,Spinal Accessory Nerve,Nerve XI,Nervus Accessorius,Accessorius, Nervus,Accessory Nerve, Spinal,Accessory Nerves,Accessory Nerves, Spinal,Cranial Nerve, Eleventh,Cranial Nerves, Eleventh,Eleventh Cranial Nerves,Nerve XIs,Nerve, Accessory,Nerve, Eleventh Cranial,Nerve, Spinal Accessory,Nerves, Accessory,Nerves, Eleventh Cranial,Nerves, Spinal Accessory,Spinal Accessory Nerves
D000075202	Contraindications	A condition or factor associated with a recipient that makes the use of a drug, procedure, or physical agent improper or inadvisable. Contraindications may be absolute (life threatening) or relative (higher risk of complications in which benefits may outweigh risks).	Contraindications, Physical Agent,Medical Contraindications,Agent Contraindication, Physical,Agent Contraindications, Physical,Contraindication,Contraindication, Medical,Contraindication, Physical Agent,Contraindications, Medical,Medical Contraindication,Physical Agent Contraindication,Physical Agent Contraindications
D001365	Axilla	Area of the human body underneath the SHOULDER JOINT, also known as the armpit or underarm.	Armpit,Underarm
D013900	Thoracic Nerves	The twelve spinal nerves on each side of the thorax. They include eleven INTERCOSTAL NERVES and one subcostal nerve. Both sensory and motor, they supply the muscles and skin of the thoracic and abdominal walls.	Pectoral Nerves,Nerve, Pectoral,Nerve, Thoracic,Nerves, Pectoral,Nerves, Thoracic,Pectoral Nerve,Thoracic Nerve
D014459	Ulnar Nerve	A major nerve of the upper extremity. In humans, the fibers of the ulnar nerve originate in the lower cervical and upper thoracic spinal cord (usually C7 to T1), travel via the medial cord of the brachial plexus, and supply sensory and motor innervation to parts of the hand and forearm.	Nerve, Ulnar,Nerves, Ulnar,Ulnar Nerves

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